Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invaluable resource in the treatment of critically ill children with cardiopulmonary failure. To date, over 36,000 children have been placed on ECMO and the utilization of this life saving treatment continues to expand with advances in ECMO technology. This article offers a review of pediatric ECMO including modes and sites of ECMO cannulation, indications and contraindications, and cannulation techniques. Furthermore, it summarizes the basic principles of pediatric ECMO including circuit maintenance, nutritional support, and clinical decision making regarding weaning pediatric ECMO and decannulation. Finally, it gives an overview of common pediatric ECMO complications including overall mortality and long-term outcomes of ECMO survivors. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review for healthcare professionals providing care for pediatric ECMO patients.

体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）是治疗患有心肺衰竭的危重儿童的宝贵资源。迄今为止，已有超过 36,000 名儿童接受了 ECMO，并且随着 ECMO 技术的进步，这种挽救生命的治疗方法的使用不断扩大。本文对儿科 ECMO 进行了综述，包括 ECMO 插管的模式和部位、适应症和禁忌症以及插管技术。此外，它还总结了儿科 ECMO 的基本原则，包括回路维护、营养支持以及儿科 ECMO 撤机和拔管的临床决策。最后，它概述了常见的儿科 ECMO 并发症，包括 ECMO 幸存者的总体死亡率和长期结果。本文的目的是为为儿科 ECMO 患者提供护理的医疗保健专业人员提供全面的综述。