With rapid globalization, employment in global value chains (GVCs) has attracted increasing attention. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are the major participants in GVC activities, whose employment creation through cross-border direct investment in GVCs has not been systematically characterized, leading to an underestimation of GVCs and their employment impacts. To fill this gap, this study measures the employment embodied in GVCs based on an inter-country input-output model with MNEs. The major findings are as follows: (1) the contribution of MNEs to GVC employment is significant (accounting for 7.4–8.0 %), especially in high-income economies (13.8 %) and high-tech manufacturing industries (22.6 %); (2) the major route by which foreign direct investment (FDI) drives employment is through -F type production-sharing activities that satisfy local demand; and (3) the sectoral structure of FDI-related GVC employment not only varies between economies but also among the three types of production-sharing activities (D-F type, F-D type, and F-F type). These findings provide valuable insights for understanding how MNEs affect employment in GVCs and can help accurately assess the potential impacts of GVCs on the labor market.

中文翻译：

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基于跨国企业投入产出模型衡量全球价值链就业

随着全球化的快速发展，全球价值链（GVC）中的就业问题日益受到关注。跨国企业是全球价值链活动的主要参与者，其通过对全球价值链跨境直接投资创造的就业尚未得到系统表征，导致全球价值链及其就业影响被低估。为了填补这一空白，本研究基于跨国企业的国家间投入产出模型来衡量全球价值链所体现的就业。主要发现如下：（1）跨国企业对全球价值链就业的贡献显着（占7.4%~8.0%），特别是在高收入经济体（13.8%）和高科技制造业（22.6%）；（2）外商直接投资（FDI）拉动就业的主要途径是通过满足当地需求的-F型生产共享活动；（3）与FDI相关的全球价值链就业的部门结构不仅在经济体之间存在差异，而且在三种类型的生产共享活动（DF型、FD型和FF型）之间也存在差异。这些发现为理解跨国企业如何影响全球价值链就业提供了宝贵的见解，并有助于准确评估全球价值链对劳动力市场的潜在影响。