PRAIA – Package for the Reduction of Astronomical Images Automatically – is a suite of astrometric and photometric tasks designed to cope with huge amounts of heterogeneous observations with fast processing, no human intervention, minimum parameterization and yet maximum possible accuracy and precision. It is the main tool used to analyse astronomical observations by an international collaboration involving Brazilian, French and Spanish researchers under the Lucky Star umbrella for Solar System studies. In this paper, we focus on the astrometric concepts underneath PRAIA, used in reference system works, natural satellite and NEA astrometry for dynamical and ephemeris studies, and lately for the precise prediction of stellar occultations by planetary satellites, dwarf-planets, TNOs, Centaurs and Trojan asteroids. We highlight novelties developed by us and never reported before in the literature, which significantly enhance astrometry precision and automation. Such as the robust object detection and aperture characterization (BOIA), which explains the long standing empirical photometry/astrometry axiom that recommends using apertures with 2 – 3 $\sigma$ (Gaussian width) radius. We give examples showing the astrometry performance, discuss the advantages of PRAIA over other astrometry packages and comment about future planed astrometry implementations. PRAIA codes and input files are publicly available for the first time at: https://ov.ufrj.br/en/PRAIA/. PRAIA astrometry is useful for Solar System as well as astrophysical observations.

PRAIA——自动减少天文图像包——是一套天体测量和光度测量任务，旨在通过快速处理、无需人工干预、最小化参数化以及最大可能的准确性和精度来处理大量异质观测。它是由巴西、法国和西班牙研究人员在幸运星太阳系研究保护伞下进行的国际合作用来分析天文观测的主要工具。在本文中，我们重点关注PRAIA下的天体测量概念，用于参考系统工作、自然卫星和 NEA 天体测量中的动力学和星历研究，以及最近用于行星卫星、矮行星、TNO、半人马座恒星掩星的精确预测和特洛伊小行星。我们重点介绍我们开发的、以前从未在文献中报道过的新颖性，这些新颖性显着提高了天体测量的精度和自动化。例如稳健的物体检测和孔径表征 (BOIA)，它解释了长期存在的经验光度测量/天体测量公理，建议使用 2 – 3 的孔径$\sigma$（高斯宽度）半径。我们给出了显示天体测量性能的示例，讨论了PRAIA相对于其他天体测量软件包的优势，并对未来的计划天体测量实施进行了评论。PRAIA代码和输入文件首次公开提供： https: //ov.ufrj.br/en/PRAIA/。PRAIA天体测量对于太阳系以及天体物理观测非常有用。