The peculiarities of speech etiquette in each language are determined by historical, cultural, social, cognitive, and religious factors. The study of greeting and farewell speech formulas in Turkish and Arabic is relevant for identifying key linguacultural meanings and concepts using conceptual modeling. The purpose is to analyze the linguistic and cultural conditioning of etiquette formulas in these languages. Linguacultural analysis of linguistic facts was used, along with elements of conceptual, communicative, comparative, and semantic analysis. The results show that the conceptual structure of etiquette formulas consists of functional-semantic fields like temporality, religiosity, marking conversation beginnings/endings. In Turkish, temporal concepts like “day” and “morning” are most frequent, while in Arabic religious concepts like “Allah” and “peace” prevail. Similarities include polite treatment of interlocutors, adherence to religious traditions, and hospitality. Differences lie in the degree of metaphoricality, imagery, and extended responses. The conclusions form ideas about the interrelations between core and peripheral linguacultural concepts, linguistic diversity, and invariance of etiquette formulas, their cognitive representation and role in shaping linguistic personality. The study contributes to understanding national mentality through the analysis of speech formulas.

中文翻译：

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土耳其和阿拉伯语告别和问候言语礼仪的语言和文化特征

每种语言的言语礼仪的特殊性是由历史、文化、社会、认知和宗教因素决定的。对土耳其语和阿拉伯语问候和告别言语公式的研究与使用概念模型识别关键语言文化含义和概念相关。目的是分析这些语言中礼仪公式的语言和文化条件。使用了对语言事实的语言文化分析，以及概念、交际、比较和语义分析的元素。结果表明，礼仪公式的概念结构由功能语义字段组成，如时间性、宗教性、标记对话开始/结束等。在土耳其语中，“白天”和“早晨”等时间概念最常见，而在阿拉伯语中，“安拉”和“和平”等宗教概念则占主导地位。相似之处包括礼貌对待对话者、遵守宗教传统和热情好客。差异在于隐喻、意象和延伸反应的程度。结论形成了关于核心和外围语言文化概念之间的相互关系、语言多样性和礼仪公式的不变性、它们的认知表征和在塑造语言个性中的作用的想法。该研究有助于通过分析言语公式来理解国民心态。