Traditionally, assessments of factor validity of body image instruments have relied on exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis. However, the emergence of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), a resurgence of interest in bifactor models, and the ability to combine both models (bifactor-ESEM) is beginning to shape the future of body image research. For these analytic approaches to truly advance body image research, scholars will need to have a deep understanding of their use and application. To facilitate such understanding, we describe ESEM and bifactor-ESEM models for body image researchers and provide them with the tools they need to apply these methods in their own work. Specifically, we provide an overview of ESEM and bifactor-ESEM models, and describe their broad applicability to body image research. Next, we describe how ESEM and bifactor models can be used and, using an existing dataset of responses to the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale, demonstrate how ESEM and bifactor-ESEM models can be deployed. To facilitate wider application of these ideas, we provide our Mplus syntax (inputs) in Supplementary Materials. Through this manuscript, we hope to assist researchers to better understand the strengths ESEM and bifactor models, and to use these approaches in their own work.

传统上，身体图像仪器的因素有效性评估依赖于探索性或验证性因素分析。然而，探索性结构方程模型 (ESEM) 的出现、人们对双因子模型的兴趣重新兴起，以及结合两种模型 (bifactor-ESEM) 的能力正在开始塑造身体图像研究的未来。为了使这些分析方法真正推进身体意象研究，学者们需要对其用途和应用有深入的了解。为了促进这种理解，我们为身体图像研究人员描述了 ESEM 和双因子 ESEM 模型，并为他们提供了在自己的工作中应用这些方法所需的工具。具体来说，我们概述了 ESEM 和双因子 ESEM 模型，并描述了它们在身体图像研究中的广泛适用性。接下来，我们描述如何使用 ESEM 和双因子模型，并使用现有的整容手术接受程度响应数据集，演示如何部署 ESEM 和双因子-ESEM 模型。为了促进这些想法的更广泛应用，我们在补充材料中提供了 Mplus 语法（输入）。通过这篇手稿，我们希望帮助研究人员更好地了解 ESEM 和双因子模型的优势，并在自己的工作中使用这些方法。