Epilepsy is a common pediatric neurological condition, affecting approximately 470,000 children in the USA and having a prevalence of 0.9% in the global population of approximately 2.6 billion children. Epilepsy is associated with disruptions in several areas of a child’s life, including medical burden, quality of life, cognitive outcomes, and higher risk of mortality. Additionally, some pediatric patients may experience acute seizure emergencies such as seizure clusters (also called acute repetitive seizures), which are intermittent increases in seizure activity that differ from the patient’s usual seizure pattern and may occur despite daily antiseizure drug administration. Seizure clusters increase a patient’s risk for status epilepticus and emergency room visits. Benzodiazepines are the main category of drugs used as acute seizure therapies for seizure clusters. This narrative review provides a practical discussion of care for pediatric patients with epilepsy and seizure clusters exploring such topics as details about the US Food and Drug Administration-approved acute seizure therapies, safety and ease of use of these medications, benefits of seizure action plans to help ensure optimal treatment, and considerations for transitioning a pediatric patient with acute seizure therapy to adult healthcare management.

癫痫是一种常见的儿科神经系统疾病，影响美国约 470,000 名儿童，在全球约 26 亿儿童中患病率为 0.9%。癫痫与儿童生活的多个方面的干扰有关，包括医疗负担、生活质量、认知结果和较高的死亡风险。此外，一些儿科患者可能会经历急性癫痫发作紧急情况，例如丛集性癫痫发作（也称为急性重复性癫痫发作），这是癫痫发作活动的间歇性增加，与患者通常的癫痫发作模式不同，尽管每天服用抗癫痫药物，但仍可能发生。丛集性癫痫发作会增加患者癫痫持续状态和去急诊室就诊的风险。苯二氮卓类药物是用于治疗丛集性急性癫痫发作的主要药物类别。这篇叙述性综述对患有癫痫和癫痫群发的儿科患者的护理进行了实际讨论，探讨了美国食品和药物管理局批准的急性癫痫治疗的详细信息、这些药物的安全性和易用性、癫痫行动计划的好处等主题。帮助确保最佳治疗，以及将接受急性癫痫治疗的儿科患者过渡到成人医疗保健管理的注意事项。