A decade of significant research has led to the emergence of photovoltaic solar cells based on perovskites that have achieved an exceptionally high-power conversion efficiency of 26.08%. A key breakthrough in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) occurred when solid hole-transporting materials (HTMs) replaced liquid electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), because HTMs play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance as well as cell stability. This review is mainly focused on the HTMs that are responsible for hole transport and extraction in PSCs, which is one of the crucial components for efficient devices. Here, we have reviewed small molecular as well as polymeric HTMs that have been reported in the last two years and discussed their performance based on the analysis of their molecular architectures. Finally, we include a perspective on the molecular engineering of new functional HTMs for highly efficient stable PSCs.

中文翻译：

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高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池小分子和聚合物空穴传输材料的最新研究

经过十年的重大研究，基于钙钛矿的光伏太阳能电池出现了，其能量转换效率高达 26.08%。当固体空穴传输材料（HTM）取代染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）中的液体电解质时，钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）取得了重大突破，因为HTM在提高光伏性能和电池稳定性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本综述主要关注负责 PSC 中空穴传输和提取的 HTM，这是高效器件的关键组件之一。在这里，我们回顾了过去两年报道的小分子和聚合 HTM，并基于对其分子结构的分析讨论了它们的性能。最后，我们对新型功能性 HTM 的分子工程进行了展望，以实现高效稳定的 PSC。