Designing of innovative technologies for the development of functional materials remain crucial for achieving sustainable technological advancements. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) possessing enormous potential properties can be obtained using various facile methods for several applications. Adopting NPs as primitive building blocks can initiate the formation of complex entities named supraparticle (SP) to create several advanced functional materials. Additionally, SPs enable entirely new material characteristics to the system, owing to their individual entities, intrinsic properties such as coupling, spatial arrangement, and co-localization. Indeed, methods such as template-induced evaporation-based assembly of NPs direct the shape, size, and morphology of SPs from their respective colloidal dispersions on a solvent-repellant solid surface. Therefore, it is important to comprehend the formation of SPs and their structure-property relationship with respect to practical application. This review presents a brief overview of SPs assembly by outlining the templated-assisted evaporation-based methodologies for synthesizing SPs. Further, the effect of various factors on the interaction between colloidal entities, solvent, and substrate, leading to the genesis of SPs is elaborated. Conclusively, specific properties are described and applications of SPs for energy storage, generation, and environmental remediation are reported, which collectively brings many interdisciplinary research fields to the same podium.

中文翻译：

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基于模板化液滴蒸发的超粒子在环境中的应用

设计用于开发功能材料的创新技术对于实现可持续技术进步仍然至关重要。在这方面，可以使用各种简便的方法获得具有巨大潜在特性的纳米颗粒（NP），用于多种应用。采用纳米粒子作为原始构件可以引发称为超粒子（SP）的复杂实体的形成，从而创建多种先进的功能材料。此外，由于其各自的实体、耦合、空间排列和共定位等内在属性，SP 为系统带来了全新的材料特性。事实上，诸如模板诱导的基于蒸发的纳米颗粒组装等方法可以指导来自溶剂排斥性固体表面上各自的胶体分散体的SP的形状、尺寸和形态。因此，理解SP的形成及其结构-性能关系对于实际应用非常重要。本综述通过概述基于模板辅助蒸发的 SP 合成方法，对 SP 组装进行了简要概述。此外，还阐述了各种因素对胶体、溶剂和底物之间相互作用的影响，从而导致 SP 的发生。最后，描述了 SP 的具体特性，并报告了 SP 在能量存储、发电和环境修复方面的应用，这将许多跨学科研究领域带到了同一个讲台上。