In solid tumors, three main complementary approaches of adoptive T cell therapies were successively developed: tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells and high-affinity T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells. In this review, we summarized rational and main results of these three adoptive T cell therapies in solid tumors field and gave an overview of encouraging data and their limits. Then, we listed the major remaining challenges (including tumor antigen loss, on target/off tumor effect, tumor access difficulties and general / local immunosubversion) and their lines of research. Finally, we gave insight into the ongoing trials in solid tumor.

中文翻译：

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实体瘤的过继 T 细胞疗法：最先进的技术、当前的挑战和即将到来的改进

在实体瘤中，相继开发了三种主要互补的过继性T细胞疗法：肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TIL）、嵌合抗原受体（CAR）工程化T细胞和高亲和力T细胞受体（TCR）工程化T细胞。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这三种过继性 T 细胞疗法在实体瘤领域的合理和主要结果，并概述了令人鼓舞的数据及其局限性。然后，我们列出了剩下的主要挑战（包括肿瘤抗原丢失、靶向/脱靶效应、肿瘤进入困难和全身/局部免疫颠覆）及其研究方向。最后，我们深入了解了正在进行的实体瘤试验。