The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of mouth rinsing and ingesting unpleasant salty or bitter solutions on cycling sprint performance and knee extensor force characteristics. Eleven male and one female trained cyclists (age: 34 ± 9 years, maximal oxygen uptake 56.9 ± 3.9 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) completed a ramp test and familiarization followed by four experimental trials. In each trial, participants completed an all-out 30-s cycling sprint with knee extensor maximal voluntary contractions before and immediately after the sprint. In a randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over order, the four main trials were: a no solution control condition, water, salty (5.8%), or bitter (2 mM quinine) solutions that were mouth rinsed (10 s) and ingested immediately before the cycling sprint. There were no significant differences between conditions in mean power (mean ± SD, no solution: 822 ± 115 W, water: 818 ± 108 W, salt: 832 ± 111 W, bitter: 818 ± 105 W); peak power (no solution: 1,184 ± 205 W, water: 1,177 ± 207 W, salt: 1,195 ± 210 W, bitter: 1,184 ± 209 W); or fatigue index (no solution: 51.5% ± 5.7%, water: 50.8% ± 7.0%, salt: 51.1% ± 5.9%, bitter: 51.2% ± 7.1%) during the sprint. Maximal force and impulse declined postexercise; however, there were no significant differences between conditions in knee extensor force characteristics. The present data do not support the use of unpleasant salty or bitter solutions as an ergogenic aid to improve sprint exercise performance.

本研究的目的是调查漱口和摄入令人不愉快的咸味或苦味溶液对自行车冲刺表现和膝关节伸肌力特征的影响。11 名男性和1 名女性训练有素的自行车手（年龄：34 ± 9 岁，最大摄氧量56.9 ± 3.9 ml·kg ^-1 ·min ^-1）完成了坡道测试和熟悉，然后进行了四项实验性试验。在每项试验中，参与者在冲刺前和冲刺后立即完成了 30 秒的全力骑行冲刺，膝关节伸肌最大自主收缩。在随机、平衡、交叉顺序中，四项主要试验是：无溶液对照条件、水、咸溶液（5.8%）或苦溶液（2 mM 奎宁），漱口（10 秒）并立即摄入在自行车冲刺之前。各条件之间的平均功率没有显着差异（平均值±  SD，无溶液：822±115W，水：818±108W，盐：832±111W，苦味：818±105W）；峰值功率（无溶液：1,184 ± 205 W，水：1,177 ± 207 W，盐：1,195 ± 210 W，苦味：1,184 ± 209 W）；或冲刺期间的疲劳指数（无溶液：51.5%±5.7%，水：50.8%±7.0%，盐：51.1%±5.9%，苦味：51.2%±7.1%）。运动后最大力量和冲动下降；然而，膝关节伸肌力特性在不同条件下没有显着差异。目前的数据不支持使用令人不快的咸味或苦味溶液作为增强剂来提高短跑运动表现。