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River contamination remains a significant public health problem worldwide, including in Indonesia. In the community, rivers are water resources for many purposes. However, indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the veterinary and medical sectors, the community habit of throwing waste into the river, the inadequate removal of human medicine compounds in WWTP, and poor industrial waste management will induce the spread of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance between the environment and humans/animals. This review aims to analyse the various factors that influence the emergence of pathogenic Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance bacteria (ARB) in the aquatic environment, especially in Indonesia. In conclusion, pathogenic E. coli can adjust its physiological or metabolic conditions to survive in aquatic environments and was found resistant to antibiotics. Meanwhile, this study also describes the potency of the aquatic environment in Indonesia as a vector for the spread of pathogenic E. coli and the growth of ARBs, factors involved in the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, and possible ways to curtail microbial risk to public health and the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment in Indonesia.

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河流污染仍然是世界范围内一个重大的公共卫生问题，包括印度尼西亚。在社区中，河流是具有多种用途的水资源。然而，兽医和医疗部门滥用抗生素、社区将废物倒入河中的习惯、污水处理厂中人类药物化合物的去除不充分以及工业废物管理不善，都会导致病原菌在不同人群之间传播和抗生素耐药性。环境和人类/动物。本综述旨在分析影响水生环境中致病性大肠杆菌和耐药细菌（ARB）出现的各种因素，特别是在印度尼西亚。总之，致病性大肠杆菌可以调整其生理或代谢条件以在水生环境中生存，并且被发现对抗生素具有抗药性。同时，本研究还描述了印度尼西亚水生环境作为致病性大肠杆菌传播和 ARB 生长载体的效力、水生环境中抗生素耐药性进化和传播的相关因素以及减少抗生素耐药性的可能方法。印度尼西亚水生环境中微生物对公共卫生的风险以及抗菌素耐药性的出现和传播。