Diamond and graphene are the most widely used carbon allotropes and offer great potential for developing mechanical, electronic, energy-storage, and sensor applications. Their combination, especially interfacial covalent bonding, can impart excellent properties. However, achieving interfacial covalent bonding with superior performance using flexible and low-power strategies remains challenging. This study developed a novel instantaneous transformation method from diamond to graphene to prepare a new covalent structure of diamond–nano-graphite–graphene (CDGG). That is, a nanosecond-pulse laser induces sp³-to-sp² instantaneous transformations from diamond to graphite in air, and the subsequent mechanical cleavage overcomes the weak van der Waals forces to achieve the final transformation of graphite to graphene. First, the key factors influencing laser-induced graphitization and mechanical cleavage were investigated, and a covalent carbon structure with multidirectional graphene was obtained. Furthermore, the mechanisms encompassing the lattice transformation, interface relationships, transformation time, and interface bonding were elucidated. The obtained new structure synergized the excellent properties of diamond, nano-graphite, and graphene, exhibiting superior lubrication, mechanochemical wear resistance, durability, and load-capacity. Compared to polished diamond, the obtained structure exhibited a significant decrease in the stable coefficient of friction by 49–59 % and a reduction of more than one order of magnitude in the relative wear rate under high friction against ferrous metals with a normal load of 1–9 N. Even under a heavy load of 100 N, it still exhibited superior lubrication and mechanochemical wear resistance. Finally, the preparation and patterning of covalent carbon structures were achieved on various diamond surfaces with high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and low power. This study is expected to broaden the scope of developing and applying diamond, diamond films, and graphene devices.

金刚石和石墨烯是应用最广泛的碳同素异形体，为开发机械、电子、储能和传感器应用提供了巨大潜力。它们的结合，特别是界面共价键合，可以赋予优异的性能。然而，使用灵活和低功耗的策略实现具有卓越性能的界面共价键合仍然具有挑战性。这项研究开发了一种从金刚石到石墨烯的新型瞬时转化方法，以制备金刚石-纳米石墨-石墨烯（CDGG）的新共价结构。即纳秒脉冲激光在空气中诱发金刚石到石墨的sp ³到sp ²瞬时转变，随后的机械劈裂克服微弱的范德华力，实现石墨到石墨烯的最终转变。首先，研究了影响激光诱导石墨化和机械裂解的关键因素，获得了具有多向石墨烯的共价碳结构。此外，还阐明了晶格转变、界面关系、转变时间和界面键合的机制。所获得的新结构协同了金刚石、纳米石墨和石墨烯的优异性能，表现出优异的润滑性、机械化学耐磨性、耐久性和承载能力。与抛光金刚石相比，所获得的结构的稳定摩擦系数显着降低了 49-59%，并且在正常载荷为 1 的黑色金属高摩擦下，相对磨损率降低了一个数量级以上。 –9 N。即使在100 N的重载荷下，仍然表现出优异的润滑性和机械化学耐磨性。最终，在各种金刚石表面上实现了高效、环保、低功耗的共价碳结构的制备和图案化。这项研究有望扩大金刚石、金刚石薄膜和石墨烯器件的开发和应用范围。