Over the past three decades community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) has sought to address the concurrent needs of economic development and ecological protection at the local level, but there is often strong divergence between development and conservation interests and successes. In particular, CBNRM has not always led to expected socioeconomic outcomes, while information of its impact on human well-being at household level is sparse. In Botswana, most communities do not disburse benefits from CBNRM ventures to households. This leads to an inherent scale mismatch that arises because the costs of living with wildlife are felt at the household level, while the benefits are paid out at the community or village level. We use longitudinal data from two household surveys conducted 22 years apart to assess if benefits from the Botswana model of CBNRM have increased household-level adaptive capacity for those living with wildlife. We take a livelihoods capital approach to develop indicators of adaptive capacity and measure how livelihood diversity, inequality, and adaptive capacity have changed in five communities in northern Botswana between 1995 and 2017. Our analyses confirm the findings of qualitative reviews and suggest that CBNRM is under-performing in its contribution to improved household-level adaptive capacity. CBNRM cannot be said to benefit communities if the majority of community members do not experience increased well-being. We therefore recommend restructuring the governance models of CBNRM and other community conservation approaches to ensure that benefits are more directly targeted to actively participating households.

The post Assessing long-term conservation impacts on adaptive capacity in a flagship community-based natural resources management area in Botswana first appeared on Ecology & Society.

在过去的三十年中，基于社区的自然资源管理（CBNRM）一直致力于解决地方层面经济发展和生态保护的同时需求，但发展与保护的利益和成功之间往往存在巨大分歧。特别是，CBNRM 并不总能带来预期的社会经济成果，而其对家庭层面人类福祉影响的信息却很少。在博茨瓦纳，大多数社区不向家庭发放 CBNRM 企业的福利。这导致了固有的规模不匹配，因为与野生动物一起生活的成本是在家庭层面感受到的，而收益是在社区或村庄层面支付的。我们使用相隔 22 年进行的两次家庭调查的纵向数据来评估博茨瓦纳 CBNRM 模式的益处是否提高了与野生动物一起生活的家庭的适应能力。我们采用生计资本方法来制定适应能力指标，并衡量 1995 年至 2017 年间博茨瓦纳北部五个社区的生计多样性、不平等和适应能力如何变化。我们的分析证实了定性审查的结果，并表明 CBNRM 正在实施中。 - 为提高家庭适应能力做出贡献。如果大多数社区成员的福祉没有得到改善，就不能说 CBNRM 能够使社区受益。因此，我们建议重组 CBNRM 的治理模式和其他社区保护方法，以确保利益更直接地针对积极参与的家庭。

《评估博茨瓦纳旗舰社区自然资源管理区适应能力的长期保护影响》一文首次发表在《生态与社会》上。