Metal oxides derived from metal–organic frameworks have received considerable attention for water treatment. Herein, MIL-68 (In)–derived rod-like carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) codoped In₂O₃–modified GdFeO₃ (CN–InO/GdF) Z-scheme heterostructures were rationally constructed through simple pyrolysis and a wet-chemical route. The synthesized CN–InO/GdF catalysts were characterized using several physicochemical techniques. Moreover, the obtained CN–InO/GdF exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward tetracycline (TC) degradation. Impressively, the optimized CN–InO/GdF-3 heterostructure catalyst displayed a boosted TC removal efficiency of 99.06% within 60 min of irradiation, which was 7.1 and 9.7 times higher than those of bare CN–InO and GdFeO₃, respectively. The remarkably enhanced photoactivity of CN–InO/GdF was principally attributed to the synergistically combined interfaces hindering the recombination of photoinduced carriers, and the maintained redox capacity via Z-scheme spatial charge transfer. Finally, the tentative degradation mechanism was determined on the basis of density functional theory calculations and intermediates analysis. This work elucidated the design of highly efficient catalysts for various applications.

源自金属有机骨架的金属氧​​化物在水处理方面受到了广泛关注。在此，通过简单的热解和合成，合理构建了MIL-68（In）衍生的棒状碳（C）和氮（N）共掺杂In ₂ O ₃ -改性GdFeO ₃ (CN-InO/GdF) Z型异质结构。湿化学途径。使用多种物理化学技术对合成的 CN-InO/GdF 催化剂进行了表征。此外，所获得的CN-InO/GdF对四环素（TC）降解表现出优异的光催化性能。_{令人印象深刻的是，优化后的CN-InO/GdF-3异质结构催化剂在辐照60分钟内表现出99.06%的TC去除效率，分别是裸CN-InO和GdFeO 3}的7.1和9.7倍。CN-InO/GdF 的光活性显着增强主要归因于协同组合的界面阻碍光生载流子的复合，以及通过Z 型空间电荷转移维持氧化还原能力。最后，根据密度泛函理论计算和中间体分析确定了初步的降解机理。这项工作阐明了用于各种应用的高效催化剂的设计。