Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s has recommended a Great Observatory Maturation Program (GOMaP) to invest in co-maturation of mission concepts and technologies to inform an analysis of alternatives study for an ∼6 m off-axis inscribed telescope. The purpose of this telescope is to sample atmospheric spectra of around 25 potentially habitable exoplanets using ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths; it is planned to launch in the early 2040s with a total cost of less than $11B, including 5 years of operation. A historical review of past missions yields basic programmatic lessons learned to be considered as the community prepares to implement the Decadal Vision. First, technology development is critical for enabling missions. The robustness, breadth, and duration of concept/technology co-maturation is important for mission success. Second, NASA has never “exactly” implemented a Decadal mission as it was recommended. Third, all missions have the same basic technology challenges of mass constraints: mechanical and thermal stability to design, building a space telescope that achieves the required on-orbit performance, and verifying and validating that performance by test and model correlation. Finally, Decadal missions require sustained community support.

中文翻译：

---

大型任务实施的历史教训

2020 年代天文学和天体物理学发现之路建议实施一项大天文台成熟计划 (GOMaP)，投资于任务概念和技术的共同成熟，为〜6 m 离轴内切望远镜的替代研究分析提供信息。这台望远镜的目的是使用紫外线、可见光和近红外波长对大约 25 个可能适合居住的系外行星的大气光谱进行采样；计划于 2040 年代初期推出，总成本不到 $11B，其中包括 5 年的运营。对过去任务的历史回顾产生了基本的规划经验教训，在社区准备实施十年愿景时可以考虑这些经验教训。首先，技术开发对于实现任务至关重要。概念/技术共同成熟的稳健性、广度和持续时间对于任务的成功非常重要。其次，美国宇航局从未“完全”按照建议实施十年任务。第三，所有任务都面临着相同的质量约束的基本技术挑战：设计的机械和热稳定性、建造能够实现所需在轨性能的太空望远镜，以及通过测试和模型关联来验证和验证该性能。最后，十年任务需要持续的社区支持。