In China, operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological, meteorological, and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas, and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment, prevention and mitigation of disaster, exploitation of marine resources, marine environmental protection, and management of transportation safety. In this paper, we summarise the composition, development courses, and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring, namely coastal marine automated network station, ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system. Additionally, we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

在我国，海洋原位业务监测是直接获取跨海域水文、气象、海洋环境参数的主要手段，对于海洋环境预报、防灾减灾、海洋开发利用等应用至关重要。资源、海洋环境保护、交通安全管理。本文总结了沿海海洋自动化网络站、海洋数据浮标和自愿观测船测量报告系统这三个业务现场海洋监测系统的组成、发展历程和运行现状。此外，我们还讨论了这些原位系统的技术发展和关键共性技术的成果以及未来的发展趋势。