Part of the extra-pyramidal system, the cerebellum is more and more recognized by its non-motor functions known as the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Several studies have identified disturbances specifically in executive and attentional functions after focal cerebellar lesions. However, most studies were performed in small and heterogeneous patient groups. Furthermore, there is a substantial variation in the methodology of assessment. Here, we present the results of a large and homogeneous cohort of patients with isolated uniform cerebellar lesions. After three months post-stroke all patients underwent structural neuroimaging to confirm an isolated lesion and were given neuropsychological testing. The results show that cerebellar lesions relate to mild but long-term cognitive impairment in a broad spectrum of neurocognitive functions compared to normative values. These findings confirm involvement of the cerebellum in cognitive processing and supports the theory of ‘dysmetria of thought’ based upon uniform cerebellar processing in multiple cognitive domains. This study highlights the following results: 1-Cognitive impairments after isolated cerebellar stroke is confirmed in several cognitive domains. 2-Semantic and phonemic fluency are most affected in cerebellar stroke patients. 3-Verbal deficits show an age-independent long term effect post-stroke and should be studied further in depth. 4-Cognitive disorders after cerebellar stroke are more prominent in women than men.

小脑是锥体外系的一部分，其非运动功能越来越被人们所认识，称为小脑认知情感综合征。几项研究已经发现局灶性小脑病变后执行和注意力功能的紊乱。然而，大多数研究都是在小规模且异质的患者群体中进行的。此外，评估方法也存在很大差异。在这里，我们展示了一大群具有孤立的均匀小脑病变的同质患者的结果。中风后三个月后，所有患者均接受结构神经影像检查以确认孤立的病变，并接受神经心理学测试。结果表明，与正常值相比，小脑病变与广泛的神经认知功能中的轻度但长期的认知障碍有关。这些发现证实了小脑参与认知处理，并支持基于多个认知领域的小脑统一处理的“思维障碍”理论。这项研究强调了以下结果： 1-孤立性小脑卒中后的认知障碍在多个认知领域得到证实。2-小脑中风患者的语义和音素流畅性受影响最大。3-言语缺陷显示出中风后与年龄无关的长期影响，应进一步深入研究。4-小脑中风后的认知障碍在女性中比男性更为突出。