This study investigated how humans process probabilistic-associated information when encountering varying levels of uncertainty during implicit visual statistical learning. A novel probabilistic cueing validation paradigm was developed to probe the representation of cues with high (75% probability), medium (50%), low (25%), or zero levels of predictiveness in response to preceding targets that appeared with high (75%), medium (50%), or low (25%) transitional probabilities (TPs). Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated a significant negative association between cue probe identification accuracy and cue predictiveness when these cues appeared after high-TP but not medium-TP or low-TP targets, establishing exploration-like cue processing triggered by lower-uncertainty rather than high-uncertainty inputs. Experiment 3 ruled out the confounding factor of probe repetition and extended this finding by demonstrating (1) enhanced representation of low-predictive and zero-predictive but not high-predictive cues across blocks after high-TP targets and (2) enhanced representation of high-predictive but not low-predictive and zero-predictive cues across blocks after low-TP targets for learners who exhibited above-chance awareness of cue–target transition. These results suggest that during implicit statistical learning, input characteristics alter cue-processing mechanisms, such that exploration-like and exploitation-like mechanisms are triggered by lower-uncertainty and higher-uncertainty cue–target sequences, respectively.

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线索预测性和不确定性决定视觉统计学习期间的线索表示

这项研究调查了人类在隐式视觉统计学习过程中遇到不同程度的不确定性时如何处理概率相关信息。开发了一种新颖的概率提示验证范式，以探测具有高（75％概率）、中（50％）、低（25％）或零水平预测性的提示的表示，以响应出现高（75％概率）的先前目标。 %)、中 (50%) 或低 (25%) 转移概率 (TP)。实验 1 和 2 证明，当这些线索出现在高 TP 而不是中 TP 或低 TP 目标之后时，线索探针识别准确性和线索预测性之间存在显着负相关，从而建立了由较低不确定性而不是高不确定性触发的类似探索的线索处理。 - 不确定性输入。实验 3 排除了探测重复的混杂因素，并通过证明（1）在高 TP 目标后跨块的低预测和零预测线索的增强表示，而不是高预测线索的表示和（2）高预测线索的增强表示来扩展这一发现。 -在低 TP 目标之后，为那些表现出对提示-目标转换具有高概率意识的学习者提供预测性线索，但不是低预测性线索和零预测性线索。这些结果表明，在隐式统计学习过程中，输入特征改变了线索处理机制，使得探索类和利用类机制分别由较低不确定性和较高不确定性的线索目标序列触发。