Plants produce a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that mediate vital ecological interactions between herbivorous insects, their natural enemies, plants, and soil dwelling organisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The composition, quantity, and quality of the emitted VOCs can vary and is influenced by numerous factors such as plant species, variety (cultivar), plant developmental stage, root colonization by soil microbes, as well as the insect developmental stage, and level of specialization of the attacking herbivore. Understanding factors shaping VOC emissions is important and can be leveraged to enhance plant health and pest resistance. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the influence of plant variety, mycorrhizal colonization, herbivory, and their interactions on the composition of emitted volatiles in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Four tomato varieties from two breeding histories (two heirlooms and two hybrids), were used. Tomato plants were inoculated with a commercial inoculum blend consisting of four species of AMF. Plants were also subjected to herbivory by Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae L.) five weeks after transplanting. Headspace volatiles were collected from inoculated and non-inoculated plants with and without herbivores using solid phase-microextraction. Volatile profiles consisted of 21 different volatiles in detectable quantities. These included monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and alkane hydrocarbons. We documented a strong plant variety effect on VOC emissions. AMF colonization and herbivory suppressed VOC emissions. Plant biomass was improved by colonization of AMF. Our results show that mycorrhization, herbivory and plant variety can alter tomato plant VOC emissions and further shape volatile-mediated insect and plant interactions.

植物产生一系列挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)，介导食草昆虫、其天敌、植物和土壤生物（包括丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF)）之间的重要生态相互作用。排放的挥发性有机化合物的成分、数量和质量可能会有所不同，并受到多种因素的影响，例如植物种类、品种（栽培品种）、植物发育阶段、土壤微生物的根部定殖以及昆虫发育阶段和水平。攻击草食动物的专门化。了解影响挥发性有机化合物排放的因素很重要，可以用来增强植物健康和害虫抵抗力。在这项温室研究中，我们评估了植物品种、菌根定殖、草食性及其相互作用对番茄植物（ Solanum lycopersicum L.）排放挥发物成分的影响。使用了来自两个育种历史的四个番茄品种（两个传家宝和两个杂交品种）。用由四种 AMF 组成的商业接种混合物接种番茄植株。移植后五周，植物还受到天蛾（鳞翅目：Sphingidae L.）的食草。使用固相微萃取从有或没有食草动物的接种和未接种植物中收集顶空挥发物。挥发性成分由 21 种可检测到的不同挥发物组成。这些包括单萜、倍半萜和烷烃。我们记录了植物品种对 VOC 排放的强烈影响。AMF 定殖和食草抑制了 VOC 排放。AMF 的定殖提高了植物生物量。我们的研究结果表明，菌根化、草食性和植物品种可以改变番茄植株挥发性有机化合物的排放，并进一步影响挥发物介导的昆虫和植物的相互作用。