Porous adsorbents, including activated carbons, zeolites, silicas, and newer materials such as metal–organic frameworks, have been investigated extensively for gas storage and separation applications. A key consideration is the performance of a material in terms of both its pure gas and multicomponent adsorption behavior, and so measuring accurate gas adsorption data is essential both to assess the suitability of an adsorbent for a given application and for process design and optimization. This article therefore provides an overview of the information required for gas storage and separation applications, the most common laboratory techniques used to obtain such data, with a focus on multicomponent equilibria measurements, and the main challenges associated with this process. We cover challenges for high pressure pure gas adsorption, multicomponent gas adsorption equilibria, kinetic gas adsorption and diffusion measurements, and the difficulty of accurately defining and calculating adsorption capacities. Recent developments, including porous reference materials for high pressure gas adsorption, and new techniques and apparatus for multicomponent gas adsorption equilibria measurements, are also highlighted.

多孔吸附剂，包括活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅和金属有机框架等新型材料，已被广泛研究用于气体储存和分离应用。一个关键的考虑因素是材料在纯气体和多组分吸附行为方面的性能，因此测量准确的气体吸附数据对于评估吸附剂对给定应用的适用性以及工艺设计和优化至关重要。因此，本文概述了气体储存和分离应用所需的信息、用于获取此类数据的最常见实验室技术，重点关注多组分平衡测量以及与此过程相关的主要挑战。我们涵盖了高压纯气体吸附、多组分气体吸附平衡、动力学气体吸附和扩散测量的挑战，以及准确定义和计算吸附容量的困难。还重点介绍了最新的发展，包括用于高压气体吸附的多孔参考材料，以及用于多组分气体吸附平衡测量的新技术和设备。