Avians have thrombocytes in their blood circulation rather than mammalian platelets. However, many details of thrombocyte characteristics have not been determined. Here, chicken thrombocytes were isolated, and extracellular vesicle (EV) production was investigated. The thrombocyte-specific markers cd41 and cd61 were expressed in the yolk sac at 24 h. According to the embryonic developmental stage, the cd41-expressing tissues changed from the yolk sac to the bone marrow and spleen. Accordingly, the bone marrow and spleen were the main tissues producing thrombocytes in adult chickens. Avian thrombocytes were separated from adult spleen cells through a combination of discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, phagocytic cell removal, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Isolated thrombocytes produced CD41⁺ EVs (CD41⁺ EVs), and the CD41⁺ EVs also expressed CD9. Microarray analysis revealed that CD41⁺ EVs contain many microRNAs. Macrophage lines (RAW264.7) phagocytosed CD41⁺ EVs, and their phagocytosis and migration activity were suppressed. Microarray analysis also revealed that EVs altered gene expression in macrophages. These data indicated that the CD41⁺ EV was a carrier of microRNAs produced from thrombocytes and affected the cell characteristics of the received cells. Therefore, the CD41⁺ EVs of avians worked as a communication tool.

中文翻译：

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禽类血小板产生的 CD41+ 细胞外囊泡含有 microRNA

鸟类的血液循环中含有血小板，而不是哺乳动物的血小板。然而，血小板特征的许多细节尚未确定。在这里，分离了鸡血小板，并研究了细胞外囊泡（EV）的产生。24小时时卵黄囊中表达血小板特异性标记物cd41和cd61 。根据胚胎发育阶段，表达cd41的组织从卵黄囊变为骨髓和脾。因此，骨髓和脾脏是成年鸡产生血小板的主要组织。通过不连续密度梯度离心、吞噬细胞去除和荧光激活细胞分选的组合，将禽类血小板从成体脾细胞中分离出来。分离的血小板产生CD41 ⁺ EV（CD41 ⁺ EV），并且CD41 ⁺ EV还表达CD9。微阵列分析显示 CD41 ⁺ EV 含有许多 microRNA。巨噬细胞系（RAW264.7）吞噬CD41 ⁺ EV，其吞噬和迁移活性受到抑制。微阵列分析还表明，EVs改变了巨噬细胞的基因表达。这些数据表明CD41 ⁺ EV是血小板产生的microRNA的载体，并影响所接收细胞的细胞特征。因此，鸟类的 CD41 ⁺ EV 可以作为一种通讯工具。