This article examines aspirational laws in a randomized field experiment. We analyze the impact of an unenforced public smoking ban on individual behavior and attitudes. The findings indicate that aspirational laws, like public smoking bans, can make rights holders sensitive to behavior that violates their rights, irrespective of the material consequences of infringements and their personal views about the law. The results present a mixed position in the debate between rights-based social movement lawyering and critics of hollow rights. On the one hand, aspirational laws can create unforeseen social frictions when rights are declared, but their implementation and enforcement are ineffective. On the other hand, aspirational laws may also have self-fulfilling potential. Due to the adverse experience of rule breaking, rights holders may seek enforcement and compliance even if the law fails to influence public beliefs.

中文翻译：

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行动中的理想法则：现场实验

本文研究了随机现场实验中的愿望定律。我们分析了未强制执行的公共场所禁烟令对个人行为和态度的影响。研究结果表明，理想的法律，如公共场所禁烟令，可以使权利持有人对侵犯其权利的行为敏感，无论侵权行为的重大后果以及他们对法律的个人看法如何。结果在基于权利的社会运动律师和空洞权利批评者之间的辩论中呈现出一种复杂的立场。一方面，当权利被宣告时，理想的法律可能会造成不可预见的社会摩擦，但其实施和执行却是无效的。另一方面，理想的法律也可能具有自我实现的潜力。由于违反规则的不良经历，即使法律未能影响公众信念，权利人也可能会寻求执行和遵守。