The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE or AGER) is a transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that, due to its multiple isoform structures, binds to a diverse range of endo- and exogenous ligands. RAGE activation caused by the ligand binding initiates a cascade of complex pathways associated with producing free radicals, such as reactive nitric oxide and oxygen species, cell proliferation, and immunoinflammatory processes. The involvement of RAGE in the pathogenesis of disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, tumor progression, and endothelial dysfunction is dictated by the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) at pathologic states leading to sustained RAGE upregulation. The involvement of RAGE and its ligands in numerous pathologies and diseases makes RAGE an interesting target for therapy focused on the modulation of both RAGE expression or activation and the production or exogenous administration of AGEs. Despite the known role that the RAGE/AGE axis plays in multiple disease states, there remains an urgent need to develop noninvasive, molecular imaging approaches that can accurately quantify RAGE levels in vivo that will aid in the validation of RAGE and its ligands as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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高级糖基化终产物的受体：生物学意义和成像应用

晚期糖基化终产物（RAGE 或 AGER）的受体是一种跨膜免疫球蛋白样受体，由于其多种亚型结构，可与多种内源和外源配体结合。由配体结合引起的 RAGE 激活启动了一系列与自由基产生相关的复杂途径，例如活性一氧化氮和氧物种、细胞增殖和免疫炎症过程。RAGE 参与糖尿病、炎症、肿瘤进展和内皮功能障碍等疾病的发病机制，这是由病理状态下晚期糖基化终产物 (AGE) 的积累导致 RAGE 持续上调决定的。RAGE 及其配体参与多种病理和疾病，使得 RAGE 成为关注 RAGE 表达或激活的调节以及 AGE 的产生或外源施用的治疗的有趣靶标。尽管 RAGE/AGE 轴在多种疾病状态中发挥着已知的作用，但仍然迫切需要开发能够准确量化体内 RAGE 水平的非侵入性分子成像方法，这将有助于验证 RAGE 及其配体作为生物标志物和治疗目标。