Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and play important roles in multiple cellular processes including cell metabolism, proliferation, and programmed cell death. Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles with the inner membrane folding inward to form cristae. Mitochondria networks undergo dynamic fission and fusion. Deregulation of mitochondrial structure has been linked to perturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and disrupted metabolism, as evidenced in tumorigenesis, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Actin and its motors-myosins have long been known to generate mechanical forces and participate in short-distance cargo transport. Accumulating knowledge from biochemistry and live cell/electron microscope imaging has demonstrated the role of actin filaments in pre-constricting the mitochondria during fission. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of myosins in cristae maintenance and mitochondria quality control. Here, we review current findings and discuss future directions in the emerging fields of cytoskeletal regulation in cristae formation, mitochondrial dynamics, intracellular transport, and mitocytosis, with focus on the actin cytoskeleton and its motor proteins.

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肌动蛋白细胞骨架对线粒体结构的调节

线粒体是细胞的动力源，在细胞代谢、增殖和程序性细胞死亡等多种细胞过程中发挥着重要作用。线粒体是双膜细胞器，内膜向内折叠形成嵴。线粒体网络经历动态裂变和融合。线粒体结构的失调与线粒体膜电位扰动和代谢紊乱有关，这在肿瘤发生、神经退行性疾病等中得到了证明。肌动蛋白及其马达肌球蛋白长期以来一直被认为能产生机械力并参与短距离货物运输。从生物化学和活细胞/电子显微镜成像中积累的知识已经证明了肌动蛋白丝在裂变过程中预收缩线粒体中的作用。最近的研究表明肌球蛋白参与嵴维持和线粒体质量控制。在这里，我们回顾了当前的研究结果并讨论了嵴形成、线粒体动力学、细胞内运输和有丝分裂等细胞骨架调节新兴领域的未来方向，重点关注肌动蛋白细胞骨架及其运动蛋白。