Tropical deforestation and forest degradation have resulted in substantial losses of goods and services and a decline in the quality of life. Agroforestry is a viable land-use option to counteract such declines in ecosystem services, including biodiversity and supporting local livelihoods. However, it is unclear how socioecological factors mediate these roles, which hinders the implementation of initiatives to conserve biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate perennial plant species composition and diversity in relation to socioecological variables and agroforestry practices in central Ethiopia. The vegetation data were collected from 243 sample farms that belonged to 81 randomly chosen households from nine kebeles. Across all practices, 92 plant species from 75 genera and 46 families were identified. Of these, 77% were native plant species, and the remaining were exotic ones. Margalef species richness and the Shannon diversity index were both significantly higher (p < 0.05) in homegardens and middle elevations. Furthermore, species richness and the Shannon diversity index were positively and significantly related to slope, farm size, farm age, and wealth status. Parklands, lowland altitude, and younger farms had the highest Simpson’s evenness, whereas wealth status, farm size, and slope had no significant association with Simpson’s evenness. Overall, this study showed that agroforestry serves as a refuge for native species and helps reverse species loss in natural forests. However, native species are gradually being replaced with exotic species, compromising the integrity of agricultural landscapes. Our study also emphasizes the urgent need to consider socioecological factors when examining biodiversity and planning agricultural landscape management strategies.

热带森林砍伐和森林退化导致商品和服务大量损失以及生活质量下降。农林业是一种可行的土地利用选择，可以抵消生态系统服务（包括生物多样性和支持当地生计）的下降。然而，尚不清楚社会生态因素如何调节这些作用，这阻碍了保护生物多样性举措的实施。本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚中部与社会生态变量和农林业实践相关的多年生植物物种组成和多样性。植被数据是从属于 9 个 kebeles 的 81 个随机选择的住户的 243 个样本农场收集的。在所有实践中，鉴定出 46 个科 75 属的 92 种植物。其中，77%是本地植物物种，其余的是外来植物物种。 家庭花园和中海拔地区的Margalef 物种丰富度和香农多样性指数均显着较高 ( p < 0.05)。此外，物种丰富度和香农多样性指数与坡度、农场规模、农场年龄和财富状况呈显着正相关。公园地、低地海拔和较年轻的农场具有最高的辛普森均匀度，而财富状况、农场规模和坡度与辛普森均匀度没有显着相关。总体而言，这项研究表明农林业是本地物种的避难所，有助于扭转天然林中物种的丧失。然而，本土物种逐渐被外来物种取代，损害了农业景观的完整性。我们的研究还强调在检查生物多样性和规划农业景观管理策略时迫切需要考虑社会生态因素。