Introduction: Bacterial biofilm is known as the main cause of periodontal disease. Generally, the anaerobic Gram-negative, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are considered the most identified bacteria. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of two experimental composites containing chitosan-silver oxide (CH-Ag2O) particles. Materials and methods: Four experimental groups, including Ag2O and CH, along with two composites of CH-Ag2O 20 and CH-Ag2O 60 mg, were prepared. Antimicrobial activity was performed against Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC#33277) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC#25586) using the agar dilution method. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay was performed on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) by the use of the MTT method. The obtained data were analyzed with descriptive methods, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s LSD tests. Results: The antibacterial activity of both composites was higher than both CH and Ag2O, and the greatest antibacterial properties were presented in CH-Ag2O 60. In all three measurements (24, 48, and 72 h), the greatest cytotoxicity was seen in Ag2O, followed by CH, CH-Ag2O 20, and CHAg2O 60 in descending order, respectively. The cytotoxicity of these components was related to the concentration and not to the time of exposure. The results showed that Ag2O in 3.7 and 7.5 μg/ml concentrations and CH-containing groups in 250 and 500 μg/ml were toxic to the cultured HGF. Conclusion: The experimental composite containing CH-Ag2O 60 showed the greatest antibacterial properties against two periodontal pathogens evaluated. In order to clarify the clinical significance of composite cytotoxicity, further clinical studies are necessary.

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖-氧化银颗粒实验复合物对牙周病两种主要病原菌的细胞毒性和抗菌活性评价

简介：细菌生物膜被认为是牙周病的主要原因。一般来说，厌氧革兰氏阴性菌，如牙龈卟啉单胞菌和具核梭杆菌，被认为是最常见的细菌。目的：本研究旨在研究两种含有壳聚糖-氧化银（CH-Ag2O）颗粒的实验复合材料的抗菌效果和细胞毒性。材料和方法：制备了四个实验组，包括Ag2O和CH，以及CH-Ag2O 20和CH-Ag2O 60 mg的两种复合物。使用琼脂稀释法对牙龈卟啉单胞菌 (ATCC#33277) 和具核梭杆菌 (ATCC#25586) 进行抗菌活性。此外，采用MTT法对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF）进行细胞毒性测定。使用描述性方法、单向方差分析和 Tukey's LSD 检验对获得的数据进行分析。结果：两种复合材料的抗菌活性均高于 CH 和 Ag2O，其中 CH-Ag2O 60 具有最大的抗菌性能。在所有三个测量（24、48 和 72 h）中，Ag2O 的细胞毒性最大，然后分别按降序排列为 CH、CH-Ag2O 20 和 CHAg2O 60。这些成分的细胞毒性与浓度有关，与暴露时间无关。结果表明，浓度为3.7和7.5μg/ml的Ag2O以及浓度为250和500μg/ml的CH基团对培养的HGF具有毒性。结论：含有 CH-Ag2O 60 的实验复合材料对所评估的两种牙周病原体表现出最大的抗菌性能。为了阐明复合细胞毒性的临床意义，需要进一步的临床研究。