The high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most efficient and green conversion technology for electricity generation from hydrogen-based fuel as compared to conventional thermal power plants. Many efforts have been made to reduce the high operating temperature (>800 °C) to intermediate/low operating temperature (400 °C<T<800 °C) in SOFCs in order to extend their life span, thermal compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. However, the major challenges in developing cathode materials for low/intermediate temperature SOFCs include structural stability, catalytic activity for oxygen adsorption and reduction, and tolerance against contaminants such as chromium, boron, and sulfur. This research aims to provide an updated review of the perovskite-based state-of-the-art cathode materials LaSrMnO₃ (LSM) and LaSrCOFeO₃ (LSCF), as well as the recent trending Ruddlesden-Popper phase (RP) and double perovskite-structured materials SOFCs technology. Our review highlights various strategies such as surface modification, codoping, infiltration/impregnation, and composites with fluorite phases to address the challenges related to LSM/LSCF-based electrode materials and improve their electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, this study also offers insight into the electrochemical performance of the double perovskite oxides and Ruddlesden-Popper phase materials as cathodes for SOFCs.

中文翻译：

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固体氧化物燃料电池钙钛矿基阴极材料的进展：综合综述

与传统火力发电厂相比，高温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）是氢基燃料发电最高效、最绿色的转换技术。为了延长 SOFC 的使用寿命、热兼容性和成本效益，人们做出了许多努力将 SOFC 的高工作温度 (>800 °C) 降低到中/低工作温度 (400 °C<T<800 °C) ，并且易于制造。然而，开发低/中温SOFC阴极材料的主要挑战包括结构稳定性、氧吸附和还原的催化活性以及对铬、硼和硫等污染物的耐受性。本研究旨在对基于钙钛矿的最先进正极材料 LaSrMnO ₃ (LSM) 和 LaSrCOFeO ₃ (LSCF) 以及最近流行的 Ruddlesden-Popper 相 (RP) 和双钙钛矿进行最新综述-结构材料SOFC技术。我们的综述重点介绍了表面改性、共掺杂、渗透/浸渍和萤石相复合材料等各种策略，以解决与 LSM/LSCF 基电极材料相关的挑战并提高其电催化活性。此外，这项研究还深入了解了双钙钛矿氧化物和 Ruddlesden-Popper 相材料作为 SOFC 阴极的电化学性能。