Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) manifests through experiences of excessive, long-lasting daydreaming resulting in significant suffering, including isolation, distress and shame. Considering that one of its functions is a distraction from painful feelings, it is linked with escapism and plays a significant role in disorders associated with emotional dysregulation, maintaining negative symptoms, including internalized stigmatization and social withdrawal. The current study aimed to examine cognitive (internalized stigma), affective (affect, anhedonia, emotional dysregulation) and behavioural (escapism) aspects of MD in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and depression groups. The sample consisted of 188 persons, including 102 individuals with BPD. The results showed higher scores in emotional dysregulation, internalized stigma and escapism in the BPD group compared to the depression group; the subgroups did not vary in MD rates. The network analysis revealed significant differences between groups in variables dynamics, with links between MD and self-suppression escapism, negative affect in the BPD group and MD with self-suppression escapism and social withdrawal in the depression group. Emotionally dysregulation and internalized stigma factors posed as the most robust expected influence components in both networks, suggesting that the cognitive and affective factors, not strictly behavioural, are pivotal for one's functioning and regulation strategies in the groups studied. The current study allows for clinical implications in interventions focused on persons developing MD and emotional dysregulation symptoms, including persons with BPD and depression.

中文翻译：

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边缘性人格障碍和抑郁症患者的适应不良白日梦、情绪失调、情感和内化耻辱：网络分析

适应不良的白日梦（MD）表现为过度、长期的白日梦经历，导致巨大的痛苦，包括孤立、痛苦和羞耻。考虑到它的功能之一是分散对痛苦感觉的注意力，它与逃避现实有关，并且在与情绪失调、维持负面症状（包括内在的耻辱和社交退缩）相关的疾病中发挥着重要作用。目前的研究旨在检查边缘性人格障碍（BPD）和抑郁症群体中MD的认知（内在耻辱）、情感（情感、快感缺失、情绪失调）和行为（逃避现实）方面。样本由 188 人组成，其中 102 人患有 BPD。结果显示，与抑郁症组相比，BPD 组在情绪失调、内在耻辱和逃避现实方面得分更高；各亚组的 MD 率没有差异。网络分析揭示了各组之间变量动态的显着差异，MD与自我抑制逃避现实、BPD组中的负面影响以及抑郁组中MD与自我抑制逃避现实和社交退缩之间的联系。情绪失调和内在耻辱因素被认为是两个网络中最强大的预期影响因素，这表明认知和情感因素（而不是严格的行为因素）对于所研究的群体的功能和调节策略至关重要。目前的研究对针对出现MD和情绪失调症状的人（包括患有BPD和抑郁症的人）的干预措施具有临床意义。