Understanding the local adaptation of crops has long been a concern of evolutionary biologists and molecular ecologists. Identifying the adaptive genetic variability in the genome is crucial not only to provide insights into the genetic mechanism of local adaptation but also to explore the adaptation potential of crops. This study aimed to identify the climatic drivers of naked barley landraces and putative adaptive loci driving local adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To this end, a total of 157 diverse naked barley accessions were genotyped using the genotyping-by-sequencing approach, which yielded 3123 high-quality SNPs for population structure analysis and partial redundancy analysis, and 37,636 SNPs for outlier analysis. The population structure analysis indicated that naked barley landraces could be divided into four groups. We found that the genomic diversity of naked barley landraces could be partly traced back to the geographical and environmental diversity of the landscape. In total, 136 signatures associated with temperature, precipitation, and ultraviolet radiation were identified, of which 13 had pleiotropic effects. We mapped 447 genes, including a known gene HvSs1. Some genes involved in cold stress and regulation of flowering time were detected near eight signatures. Taken together, these results highlight the existence of putative adaptive loci in naked barley on QTP and thus improve our current understanding of the genetic basis of local adaptation.

了解作物的局部适应性长期以来一直是进化生物学家和分子生态学家关注的问题。识别基因组中的适应性遗传变异性不仅对于深入了解局部适应的遗传机制至关重要，而且对于探索作物的适应潜力也至关重要。本研究旨在确定青藏高原（QTP）裸大麦地方品种的气候驱动因素和驱动局部适应的假定适应位点。为此，采用测序基因分型方法对总共157个不同的裸大麦种质进行了基因分型，产生了3123个用于群体结构分析和部分冗余分析的高质量SNP，以及37,636个用于异常值分析的SNP。种群结构分析表明，裸大麦地方品种可分为四类。我们发现裸大麦地方品种的基因组多样性可以部分追溯到景观的地理和环境多样性。总共确定了 136 个与温度、降水和紫外线辐射相关的特征，其中 13 个具有多效性。我们绘制了 447 个基因图谱，其中包括已知基因HvSs1。在八个特征附近检测到一些涉及冷应激和开花时间调节的基因。总而言之，这些结果强调了裸大麦 QTP 上假定的适应性位点的存在，从而提高了我们目前对局部适应遗传基础的理解。