A series of anti-explosion tests were performed on H-type high strength steels (Q460JSC and HQ600) and ordinary steels (Q345B) to address the problem of anti-explosion in the technical application of high strength steel. The dynamic behavior of steel beams during explosion and the propagation of shock waves were analyzed. The effects of proportionate distance, steel strength, high-span ratio, section shapes were investigated. The finite element software (ANSYS/LS-DYNA) was used to analyze the anti-explosion performance of high strength steel beams. The finite element models which adopted modified Johnson–Cook constitutive model and damage criterion were validated by comparing with the experimental results. The influence factors of anti-explosion performance of high strength steel were explored by numerical simulation as well. The results reveal that under near-explosion conditions, the peak values of overpressure predicted by empirical formulas are often less than the experimental outcomes. As the scaled distance reduces, the damage to the steel beam increases, making it more prone to local fracture. By decreasing the scaled distance, increasing the high-span ratio, and strengthening the constraint of H-type steel beam, the deformation and damage of steel beams can reduce. The results provide an effective basis to evaluate the safety of high strength steel beams applied in practical engineering when subjected to explosion.

针对高强钢技术应用中的防爆问题，对H型高强钢（Q460JSC、HQ600）和普通钢（Q345B）进行了一系列防爆试验。分析了爆炸过程中钢梁的动力行为和冲击波的传播。研究了比例距离、钢材强度、高跨比、截面形状的影响。采用有限元软件(ANSYS/LS-DYNA)对高强钢梁的抗爆性能进行分析。通过与试验结果的比较，对采用修正的Johnson-Cook本构模型和损伤​​准则的有限元模型进行了验证。并通过数值模拟探讨了高强钢抗爆性能的影响因素。结果表明，在近爆炸条件下，经验公式预测的超压峰值往往小于实验结果。随着缩放距离的减小，钢梁的损伤增加，更容易发生局部断裂。通过减小缩距、增大高跨比、加强H型钢梁的约束，可以减少钢梁的变形和损伤。研究结果为评价实际工程中应用的高强钢梁爆炸时的安全性提供了有效依据。