Transcription factors are crucial to regulate gene expression in immune cells and in other cell types. In lymphocytes, there are a large number of different transcription factors that are known to contribute to cell differentiation and the balance between quiescence and activation. One such transcription factor is E26 oncogene homolog 1 (Ets1). Ets1 expression is high in quiescent B and T lymphocytes and its levels are decreased upon activation. The human ETS1 gene has been identified as a susceptibility locus for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In accord with this, gene knockout of Ets1 in mice leads to development of a lupus-like autoimmune disease, with enhanced activation and differentiation of both B cells and T cells. Prior reviews have summarized functional roles for Ets1 based on studies of Ets1 knockout mice. In recent years, numerous additional studies have been published that further validate ETS1 as a susceptibility locus for human diseases where immune dysregulation plays a causative role. In this update, new information that further links Ets1 to human autoimmune diseases is organized and collated to serve as a resource. This update also describes recent studies that seek to understand molecularly how Ets1 regulates immune cell activation, either using human cells and tissues or mouse models. This resource is expected to be useful to investigators seeking to understand how Ets1 may regulate the human immune response, particularly in terms of its roles in autoimmunity and inflammation.

中文翻译：

---

转录因子 Ets1 在自身免疫性疾病中作用的最新进展

转录因子对于调节免疫细胞和其他细胞类型的基因表达至关重要。在淋巴细胞中，存在大量不同的转录因子，已知它们有助于细胞分化以及静止与激活之间的平衡。其中一种转录因子是 E26 癌基因同源物 1 (Ets1)。Ets1 在静止的 B 和 T 淋巴细胞中表达较高，激活后其水平会降低。人类ETS1基因已被确定为许多自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的易感位点。与此相一致的是，小鼠中 Ets1 基因敲除会导致狼疮样自身免疫性疾病的发生，同时 B 细胞和 T 细胞的活化和分化增强。之前的评论根据 Ets1 敲除小鼠的研究总结了 Ets1 的功能作用。近年来，发表了大量其他研究，进一步证实ETS1是人类疾病的易感位点，而免疫失调在这些疾病中起着致病作用。在本次更新中，进一步将 Ets1 与人类自身免疫性疾病联系起来的新信息被组织和整理作为资源。本次更新还介绍了最近的研究，这些研究旨在从分子角度理解 Ets1 如何调节免疫细胞激活，无论是使用人体细胞和组织还是小鼠模型。该资源预计对寻求了解 Ets1 如何调节人类免疫反应的研究人员有用，特别是在其在自身免疫和炎症中的作用方面。