The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concludes that CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is critical for climate-stabilizing energy transitions. In CCS, captured CO₂ is sequestered in saline aquifers within sedimentary basins. The CO₂ storage capacity and the rate of injection are functions of the geology of the saline aquifer, which is uncertain. To minimize impacts of this uncertainty, CCS projects could include backup plans, such as co-locating geologic CO₂ storage (GCS) sites with or near existing CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) operations. These “stacked storage” projects could hedge against uncertainty in the saline formation performance because captured CO₂ could be injected into either location in the event of unexpected events (e.g., the injectivity decreases). Here, we investigate the possibility and ramifications of developing CCS networks in Oklahoma that are amendable to stacked storage. We find that stacked storage is possible in Oklahoma but the counties with the lowest-cost saline storage resources do not have existing CO₂-EOR operations. At the systems level, we find it is slightly more expensive (e.g., $1/tCO₂ to $5/tCO₂) to site GCS in counties with CO₂-EOR projects. This increased expense is largely due to increased CO₂ transportation costs because hundreds of km of additional pipeline is required to capture CO₂ from the lowest-cost sources. Overall, our results suggest that it is optimal to build more pipelines and avoid injecting CO₂ in some of the lowest-cost saline storage resources, to enable capturing CO₂ from the least-cost sources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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通过评估堆叠储存的可行性，制定俄克拉荷马州碳捕获和储存的路线图

政府间气候变化专门委员会得出结论，CO ₂捕获和储存（CCS）对于稳定气候的能源转型至关重要。在CCS中，捕获的CO ₂被封存在沉积盆地内的盐水层中。CO ₂储存能力和注入速率是咸水层地质的函数，这是不确定的。为了最大限度地减少这种不确定性的影响，CCS 项目可以包括后备计划，例如将 CO ₂地质封存 (GCS) 地点与现有 CO ₂强化石油采收率 (CO ₂ -EOR) 作业共置或靠近。这些“堆叠封存”项目可以对冲盐水地层性能的不确定性，因为捕获的CO ₂可以在发生意外事件（例如，注入能力下降）时注入任一位置。在这里，我们研究了在俄克拉荷马州开发适用于堆叠存储的 CCS 网络的可能性和后果。我们发现在俄克拉荷马州可以进行堆叠封存，但盐封存资源成本最低的县没有现有的CO ₂ -EOR 作业。_{在系统层面，我们发现在有CO 2} -EOR 项目的县中设置GCS 的成本稍高（例如，1 美元/tCO ₂至5 美元/tCO ₂ ） 。这种增加的费用主要是由于CO ₂运输成本增加，因为需要数百公里的额外管道来从成本最低的来源捕获CO _{2 。}总体而言，我们的结果表明，最佳方案是建造更多管道并避免在一些成本最低的盐水储存资源中注入CO ₂ ，​​以便能够从成本最低的来源捕获CO _{2 。}© 2023 化学工业协会和 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.