Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used to map anomalies characteristic of unmarked graves on the grounds of the modern Woodland Cemetery on the campus of Clemson University. Hundreds of these anomalies are believed to represent newly discovered unmarked graves belonging to African Americans including enslaved people, convicted laborers, sharecroppers, domestic workers, tenant farmers and wage workers, who contributed to the wealth of the Fort Hill Plantation or to building and maintaining the university. These burials appear to be in an organized arrangement indicating the presence of a burial ground where the graves would have been marked at the time of internment. Analyses of reflections from the bottom of the grave shaft detected horizontal bases as well as possible chambered and vaulted burials, a common vernacular burial type among African Americans in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A fewer number of graves showed hyperbolic reflections that can be produced by graves that contain coffins or a large artefact. This may indicate burial practices that changed over time or the status of the interred individual. The estimated length of the grave shaft in GPR grid data suggests that small adults or adolescents made up most of the burials (58%), then adults (28%) and infants and children (13%). In 1924, Woodland Cemetery was developed on Cemetery Hill, which had its first recorded burial in 1837. Plots were then gifted to prominent University leaders, faculty, staff and their families. The unmarked burials were found juxtaposed among these modern graves requiring modification of the current protocol for the operating cemetery to preserve the sacred space and to prevent destruction of these burials. This work affirms ongoing efforts by this public university to address its origins from a plantation and segregation in the American South.

中文翻译：

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在公墓山上：美国南部公立大学克莱姆森大学的墓葬遗产

探地雷达 (GPR) 用于绘制克莱姆森大学校园现代林地公墓内无标记坟墓的异常特征地图。据信，数百个此类异常现象代表了新发现的无标记坟墓，这些坟墓属于非裔美国人，包括被奴役的人、被定罪的劳工、佃农、家政工人、佃农和工资工人，他们为福特山种植园的财富或建设和维护该种植园做出了贡献。大学。这些墓葬似乎是有组织的排列，表明存在一个墓地，在埋葬时，坟墓已在该墓地上进行了标记。对墓穴底部反射的分析发现了水平底座以及可能的室式和拱形墓葬，这是 19 世纪和 20 世纪初非裔美国人中常见的当地墓葬类型。少数坟墓显示出双曲线反射，这种反射是由装有棺材或大型文物的坟墓产生的。这可能表明埋葬方式随着时间的推移或被埋葬者的身份而发生变化。探地雷达网格数据中墓穴的估计长度表明，大部分墓葬是小型成人或青少年（58%），然后是成人（28%）和婴儿和儿童（13%）。1924 年，在公墓山开发了林地公墓，该公墓于 1837 年首次有记录埋葬。随后，这些墓地被赠送给著名的大学领导、教职员工及其家人。这些没有标记的墓葬被发现并列在这些现代坟墓中，需要修改当前墓地的运营协议，以保护神圣的空间并防止这些墓葬遭到破坏。这项工作肯定了这所公立大学为解决其起源于美国南部种植园和种族隔离问题所做的持续努力。