Since gaining independence, Ukraine has recognised the need to reform its vocational education and training (VET) system to better align with new economic realities. This necessity was largely driven by the country's increasing openness to the world and its desire to integrate with the European Union, which became especially pronounced after the Euromaidan protests in 2014. As a result, the government has pursued policies that are more closely aligned with the European Union. This led to greater international cooperation in the sphere of VET in Ukraine. The study on which this article reports analyses the impact of international organisations and cooperation programmes, as well as actions, initiatives and projects, on the changes and reforms in the Ukrainian VET system from 2013 to 2022 on normative and institutional levels. We adopt a theoretical framework that explains the areas and instruments of influence on policymaking in education used by international organisations. The method applied in the study is interviews with experts from international projects and initiatives currently active in Ukraine. Our findings indicate that international cooperation programmes have had a significant impact on the development of vocational education in Ukraine, particularly in areas such as the governance of the VET system, public-private partnerships, quality assurance, qualifications frameworks, and digitalisation.

中文翻译：

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国际合作在乌克兰职业教育发展中的作用

自获得独立以来，乌克兰认识到需要改革其职业教育和培训（VET）体系，以更好地适应新的经济现实。这种必要性很大程度上是由于该国对世界的日益开放以及与欧盟一体化的愿望，这种愿望在 2014 年亲欧盟抗议活动后变得尤为明显。因此，政府奉行了更符合欧盟要求的政策。欧洲联盟。这导致乌克兰职业教育与培训领域的国际合作更加广泛。本文报道的研究分析了国际组织和合作计划以及行动、倡议和项目对 2013 年至 2022 年乌克兰职业教育与培训体系在规范和制度层面上的变化和改革的影响。我们采用的理论框架解释了国际组织所使用的教育政策制定的影响领域和工具。研究中采用的方法是采访目前在乌克兰活跃的国际项目和倡议的专家。我们的研究结果表明，国际合作项目对乌克兰职业教育的发展产生了重大影响，特别是在职业教育与培训体系治理、公私伙伴关系、质量保证、资格框架和数字化等领域。