Following the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine since February 2022, Poland adopted institutional solutions and policies to facilitate the inclusion of Ukrainian refugees in the schooling system. We analyse geographical patterns and local determinants of the participation of children and young people from Ukraine in education in Poland. Applying a computer-based geographic information system and statistical analysis to administrative data from schools and municipalities in Poland, we found that about 50% of the Ukrainian refugees at schools in Poland are of primary school age, while the rates for other age groups are significantly lower. Ukrainian refugees are more likely to attend public schools in affluent urban municipalities and places with more developed accommodation infrastructure. Clearly, the role of local resources was of key importance in the territorial distribution of refugee families in Poland during the first year of the war. Another factor that proved to be important in attracting refugees was the presence of pre-war Ukrainian immigrants in schools. Observed patterns differ between spring and autumn 2022, which partly reflects the changes in migration to Poland and then back to Ukraine. We anticipate that much of the Ukrainian migration to Poland may outlast the current conflict. This situation creates further challenges for education in Poland—and even more so for Ukraine.

中文翻译：

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流亡教育：俄乌战争后波兰学校系统中的乌克兰难民学生

自 2022 年 2 月以来，俄罗斯对乌克兰发动侵略战争后，波兰采取了制度解决方案和政策，以促进乌克兰难民融入学校教育系统。我们分析了乌克兰儿童和青少年参与波兰教育的地理模式和当地决定因素。应用基于计算机的地理信息系统和对波兰学校和市政当局的行政数据进行统计分析，我们发现波兰学校中的乌克兰难民中约有 50% 处于小学年龄，而其他年龄段的比例则显着高于其他年龄组。降低。乌克兰难民更有可能在富裕城市和住宿基础设施较发达的地方就读公立学校。显然，在战争第一年，当地资源对于波兰难民家庭的领土分布至关重要。事实证明，对吸引难民很重要的另一个因素是学校里有战前的乌克兰移民。2022 年春季和秋季观察到的模式有所不同，这在一定程度上反映了移民到波兰然后返回乌克兰的变化。我们预计，大部分乌克兰移民可能会在当前冲突结束后继续移民到波兰。这种情况给波兰的教育带来了进一步的挑战，对乌克兰来说更是如此。