A low immune response is fatal for humans because increased infection risk is related to both morbidity and mortality. The neutropenic diet is applied if a person's neutrophil count is <2000 cells/μL. When compared with standard nutrition treatment, the neutropenic diet is found to be related to deficiencies in dietary fiber, vitamins C, A, and D, magnesium, and calcium. This is also related to malnutrition in patients diagnosed with cancer. Although raw vegetables are good sources of these nutrients, they can also be sources of pathogen microorganisms. Thus, the consumption of well-cooked vegetables is an essential principle in the neutropenic diet. Although many cooking methods are available, pressure cooking is the most commonly used in neutropenic diet kitchens to reduce pathogen transmission risk. According to many studies, the cooking process is associated with significant nutrient loss. In particular, boiling is found to be related to losses in vitamins C, A, and K, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, calcium, zinc, manganese, magnesium, copper, and iron in different types of vegetables. Even though some studies have shown that standard nutrition treatment with the adoption of food safety guidelines does not increase infection risk and the neutropenic diet is related to malnutrition, no guidelines have thus far suggested the application of standard nutrition treatment in neutropenic patients. Consequently, additional studies are required to compare the beneficial and harmful effects of the neutropenic diet to a standard nutrition treatment and support the application of standard nutrition treatment with the adoption of food safety guidelines at least in mildly neutropenic patients.

免疫反应低下对人类来说是致命的，因为感染风险增加与发病率和死亡率有关。如果一个人的中性粒细胞计数<2000个细胞/μL，则应用中性粒细胞减少饮食。与标准营养治疗相比，发现中性粒细胞减少症饮食与膳食纤维、维生素 C、A 和 D、镁和钙的缺乏有关。这也与癌症患者的营养不良有关。尽管生蔬菜是这些营养素的良好来源，但它们也可能是病原微生物的来源。因此，食用煮熟的蔬菜是中性粒细胞减少症饮食中的一个基本原则。尽管有许多烹饪方法可供选择，但压力烹饪是中性粒细胞减少饮食厨房中最常用的方法，以降低病原体传播风险。根据许多研究，烹饪过程会造成大量营养损失。特别是，煮沸被发现与不同类型蔬菜中维生素 C、A 和 K、酚类化合物、黄酮类化合物、钙、锌、锰、镁、铜和铁的损失有关。尽管一些研究表明，采用食品安全指南的标准营养治疗不会增加感染风险，并且中性粒细胞减少症饮食与营养不良有关，但迄今为止还没有指南建议对中性粒细胞减少症患者应用标准营养治疗。因此，需要进行更多研究来比较中性粒细胞减少饮食与标准营养治疗的有益和有害影响，并支持标准营养治疗的应用，并至少在轻度中性粒细胞减少患者中采用食品安全指南。