Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a high degree of comorbidity, including substance misuse. We aimed to assess whether ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) could predict ADHD diagnosis in alcohol dependence (AD). ADHD PRS were generated for 1223 AD subjects with ADHD diagnosis information and 1818 healthy controls. ADHD PRS distributions were compared to evaluate the differences between healthy controls and AD cases with and without ADHD. We found increased ADHD PRS means in the AD cohort with ADHD (mean 0.30, standard deviation (SD) 0.92; p = 3.9 × 10⁻⁶); and without ADHD (mean − 0.00, SD 1.00; p = 5.2 × 10⁻⁵) compared to the healthy control subjects (mean − 0.17, SD 0.99). The ADHD PRS means differed within the AD group with a higher ADHD PRS mean in those with ADHD, odds ratio (OR) 1.34, confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 1.65; p = 0.002. This study showed a positive relationship between ADHD PRS and risk of ADHD in individuals with co-occurring AD indicating that ADHD PRS may have utility in identifying individuals that are at a higher or lower risk of ADHD. Further larger studies need to be conducted to confirm the reliability of the results before ADHD PRS can be considered as a robust biomarker for diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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使用 ADHD 多基因风险评分预测酒精依赖中的 ADHD

注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，具有高度合并症，包括物质滥用。我们的目的是评估 ADHD 多基因风险评分 (PRS) 是否可以预测酒精依赖 (AD) 的 ADHD 诊断。为 1223 名具有 ADHD 诊断信息的 AD 受试者和 1818 名健康对照者生成了 ADHD PRS。比较 ADHD PRS 分布，以评估健康对照和患有或不患有 ADHD 的 AD 病例之间的差异。我们发现 ADHD 队列中 ADHD PRS 平均值增加（平均值 0.30，标准差 (SD) 0.92；p  = 3.9 × 10 ^-6）；与健康对照组（平均值 − 0.17，SD 0.99）相比，没有 ADHD 的受试者（平均值 − 0.00， SD 1.00； p  = 5.2 × 10 ^{-5 ）。}AD 组内的 ADHD PRS 平均值有所不同，ADHD 组的 ADHD PRS 平均值较高，比值比 (OR) 1.34，置信区间 (CI) 1.10 至 1.65；p  = 0.002。这项研究表明，ADHD PRS 与同时患有 AD 的个体 ADHD 风险之间存在正相关关系，表明 ADHD PRS 可能有助于识别 ADHD 风险较高或较低的个体。在 ADHD PRS 被视为强有力的诊断生物标志物之前，需要进行进一步更大规模的研究来确认结果的可靠性。