Propalaehoplophorus is an Early Miocene genus of glyptodonts, a group of extinct armored mammals closely related to armadillos and endemic to South America. Here, we present the first digital reconstruction of the endocranial cavity of the glyptodont Propalaehoplophorus australis and compare it to endocasts of Late Miocene and Pleistocene glyptodonts, pampatheres, and extant armadillos. Propalaehoplophorus australis shares exclusively with other glyptodonts the neocortical sulcation pattern and cranial nerve (CN) V₃ pathway. It also shares with both other glyptodonts and pampatheres the rhinal fissure trajectory, small piriform lobe, marked dorsal expansion of neocortical fronto-parietal region, conspicuous thickness of superior longitudinal sinus, and presence of a well-marked lateral sulcus and medial shape of petrosal bone; this last trait is also observable in Chlamyphorus. The olfactory bulbs of Pr. australis, Holmesina, and Pampatherium are anteriorly elongated and partially laterally divergent as in the glyptodont Pseudoplohophorus absolutus. Other features, like the globular proximal shape of olfactory peduncles, topological arrangement of CNs IX-XII, differentiated petrosal lobule of paraflocculus, and orientation of spinal cord are shared among Pr. australis, Ps. absolutus, pampatheres, and extant armadillos. The similarities between Pr. australis, remaining glyptodonts, and pampatheres could be synapomorphies of pampatheres + glyptodonts. By contrast, Pr. australis, pampatheres, and all the analyzed armadillos share the same configuration of the pathway of CNs IX-XII, a feature that could support the basal position of Pr. australis among glyptodonts for which cranial remains are known. In this context, the brain cavity seems to be a promising source of information for revealing the evolutionary history of this mammalian clade.

Propalaehoplophorus是早中新世雕齿兽属，是一组已灭绝的装甲哺乳动物，与犰狳密切相关，是南美洲特有的。在这里，我们首次对雕齿兽Propalaehoplophorus australis的颅腔进行数字化重建，并将其与晚中新世和更新世雕齿兽、pampathers 和现存犰狳的颅内模型进行比较。Propalaehoplophorus australis与其他雕齿兽共有新皮质沟纹模式和颅神经 (CN) V ₃通路。它还与其他雕齿兽和普帕瑟亚目共享鼻裂轨迹、小梨状叶、新皮质额顶叶区域显着的背侧扩张、上纵窦的厚度明显、以及存在明显的外侧沟和岩骨的内侧形状; 最后一个特征在Chlamyphorus中也可以观察到。Pr的嗅球。australis、Holmesina和Pampatherium 的前部细长，并且部分横向分叉，如雕齿象Pseudoplohophorus absolutus一样。其他特征，如嗅脚的球状近端形状、CNs IX-XII 的拓扑排列、副絮状体的分化岩小叶以及脊髓的方向在Pr 中是共有的。澳大利亚，诗篇。绝对的、潘帕瑟斯和现存的犰狳。Pr之间的相似之处。australis、剩余的雕齿兽和 pampathores 可能是 pampathores + 雕齿兽的同源异形。相比之下，Pr。australis、pampathares 和所有分析的犰狳都具有相同的 CNs IX-XII 通路配置，这一特征可以支持Pr 的基础位置。australis是雕齿兽类中的一种，因其颅骨遗骸而闻名。在这种情况下，脑腔似乎是揭示该哺乳动物进化史的有希望的信息来源。