Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR), a subset of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) techniques, is a promising technique to address water scarcity issues by recharging depleted aquifers. The application of ASR in saline groundwater regions is challenging due to mixing of recharged freshwater with the ambient saline groundwater, decreasing the recoverable amount of freshwater. This paper aimed to investigate the feasibility of ASR techniques for freshwater storage and recovery in saline confined aquifers using a laboratory scale physical model (100 cm length x 30 cm width x 60 cm depth). The study then explored the impact of operational factors (freshwater storage duration, injected freshwater volume, number of injection/extraction cycles etc.) on freshwater recovery from an applied ASR. Firstly, the behaviour of stored freshwater in a saline-confined aquifer was investigated, and in the next step, the impact of ASR operational parameters on the recovery efficiency (RE) was evaluated. Along with the physical model, these effects were studied using a mathematical model (MODFLOW linked with SEAWAT) for the representative aquifer system. The movement and spreading of the stored freshwater were monitored over time. The experimental results presented in this study suggested that several factors significantly influence the efficiency of ASR systems. A negative correlation between ambient groundwater salinity and average recovery efficiency (ARE) was confirmed, with decreasing ARE observed as the salinity level increased. The injection volume of freshwater was found to have a positive influence on ARE, although the relationship was non-linear, a polynomial trend was observed. The longer freshwater was stored in the aquifer, the lower ARE was reported, indicating a negative impact of storage duration on ASR performance. Finally, the number of successive cycles of ASR operation was found to have a positive influence on ARE, but the effect decreased with each subsequent cycle. This research provided valuable insights into the application of ASR techniques for freshwater storage and its enhanced recovery in saline confined aquifers.

含水层储存和恢复（ASR）是管理含水层补给（MAR）技术的一个子集，是一种通过对枯竭的含水层进行补给来解决水资源短缺问题的有前景的技术。ASR 在咸水地下水地区的应用具有挑战性，因为补给的淡水与环境咸水地下水混合，减少了淡水的可采量。本文旨在使用实验室规模的物理模型（100 厘米长 x 30 厘米宽 x 60 厘米深）研究 ASR 技术在咸水承压含水层中储存和恢复淡水的可行性。然后，该研究探讨了操作因素（淡水储存时间、注入淡水量、注入/提取循环次数等）对应用 ASR 淡水回收的影响。首先，研究了咸水承压含水层中储存的淡水的行为，下一步，评估了 ASR 运行参数对回收效率 (RE) 的影响。除了物理模型之外，还使用代表性含水层系统的数学模型（MODFLOW 与 SEAWAT 关联）研究了这些影响。随着时间的推移，对储存的淡水的移动和扩散进行了监测。本研究中提出的实验结果表明，有几个因素显着影响 ASR 系统的效率。环境地下水盐度与平均回收效率（ARE）之间存在负相关关系，随着盐度水平的增加，平均回收效率降低。研究发现淡水注入量对 ARE 有积极影响，尽管这种关系是非线性的，但观察到多项式趋势。淡水在含水层中储存的时间越长，报告的 ARE 越低，表明储存时间对 ASR 性能产生负面影响。最后，发现 ASR 操作的连续周期数对 ARE 有积极影响，但效果随着每个后续周期而减弱。这项研究为 ASR 技术在淡水储存中的应用及其在咸水承压含水层中增强恢复提供了宝贵的见解。