How mycovirus-induced hypovirulence in fungi activates plant defense is still poorly understood. The changes in plant fitness and gene expression caused by the inoculation of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum harboring and made hypovirulent by the mycovirus soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) of the species Gemycircularvirus soybe1 were examined in this study. As the hypovirulent fungus (DK3V) colonized soybean Glycine max, plant transcriptomic analysis indicated changes in defense responses and photosynthetic activity, supported by an upregulation of individual genes and overrepresentation of photosystem gene ontology groups. The upregulated genes include genes relating to both pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity as well as various genes relating to the induction of systemic acquired resistance and the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Plants colonized with DK3V showed a resistant phenotype to virulent S. sclerotiorum infection. Plant height and leaf area were also determined to be larger in plants grown with the virus-infected fungus. Here, we hypothesize that inoculation of soybean with DK3V can result in the triggering of a wide range of defense mechanisms to prime against later infection. The knowledge gained from this study about plant transcriptomics and phenotype will help prime plant immunity with mycovirus-infected hypovirulent fungal strains more effectively. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

中文翻译：

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引发防御的机制：由真菌病毒诱导的低毒力真菌病原体的内生定植诱导的植物免疫。

真菌病毒引起的真菌低毒力如何激活植物防御仍知之甚少。本研究检查了接种含有 Gemycircularvirus soybe1 种的真菌病毒大豆叶相关 gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) 并使其低毒力的真菌核盘菌 (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) 所引起的植物适应性和基因表达的变化。当低毒力真菌（DK3V）定植大豆大豆时，植物转录组分析表明防御反应和光合活性发生变化，这得到了单个基因上调和光系统基因本体组过度表达的支持。上调的基因包括与病原体相关的分子模式触发免疫和效应物触发免疫相关的基因，以及与诱导系统获得性抗性和茉莉酸生物合成相关的各种基因。定殖有 DK3V 的植物表现出对剧毒核盘菌感染的抗性表型。还确定用病毒感染的真菌生长的植物的植物高度和叶面积更大。在这里，我们假设用 DK3V 接种大豆可以触发多种防御机制，以预防以后的感染。从这项关于植物转录组学和表型的研究中获得的知识将有助于更有效地启动植物对真菌病毒感染的低毒力真菌菌株的免疫。[公式：见文字] 版权所有 © 2023 作者。这是一篇根据 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 国际许可证分发的开放获取文章。