GPRC5A is the first member of a new class of orphan receptors coupled to G proteins, which also includes GPRC5B, GPRC5C, and GPRC5D. Since its cloning and identification in the 1990s, substantial progress has been made in understanding the possible functions of this receptor. GPRC5A has been implicated in a variety of cellular events, such as cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, migration, and survival. It appears to be a central player in different pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. The levels of GPRC5A expression differ depending on the type of cancer, with increased expression in colon, pancreas, and prostate cancers; decreased expression in lung cancer; and varied results in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the early discovery of GPRC5A as a phorbol ester-induced gene and later as a retinoic acid-induced gene, its regulation, and its participation in important canonical pathways related to numerous types of tumors and inflammatory processes. GPRC5A represents a potential new target for cancer, inflammation, and immunity therapies.

中文翻译：

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G 蛋白偶联受体 GPRC5A - 一种佛波酯和视黄酸诱导的孤儿受体，在癌症、炎症和免疫中发挥作用。

GPRC5A 是与 G 蛋白偶联的一类新孤儿受体的第一个成员，该受体还包括 GPRC5B、GPRC5C 和 GPRC5D。自 20 世纪 90 年代克隆和鉴定以来，人们在了解该受体的可能功能方面取得了实质性进展。GPRC5A 涉及多种细胞事件，例如细胞骨架重组、细胞增殖、细胞周期调节、迁移和存活。它似乎是不同病理过程的核心参与者，包括肿瘤发生、炎症、免疫反应和组织损伤。GPRC5A 的表达水平因癌症类型而异，其中在结肠癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌中表达增加；肺癌中表达降低；乳腺癌的结果也各不相同。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 GPRC5A 作为佛波酯诱导基因和后来作为视黄酸诱导基因的早期发现、其调控及其在与多种类型肿瘤和炎症过程相关的重要经典途径中的参与。GPRC5A 代表了癌症、炎症和免疫治疗的潜在新靶点。