Parental reflective functioning refers to parents' capacity to consider their child's internal experiences and is associated with secure parent-child attachment, sensitive parenting behavior, and positive child socioemotional development. However, research into determinants of parental reflective functioning in large diverse samples has been scarce. Therefore, using a large multinational sample and longitudinal design, we aimed to: (a) identify sociodemographic determinants of parental reflective functioning; (b) investigate whether parental emotion regulation is a psychological determinant of parental reflective functioning; and (c) assess whether child negative affect, parent stress, and child age moderate longitudinal associations between parent emotion regulation and parental reflective functioning. Data were two time points of the Child and Parent Emotion Study following 2,208 parents (68% female) of a child aged 0-10 years residing in English-speaking countries. Parent emotion dysregulation, parent male cisgender status, speaking a language other than English, younger parent age, and older child age were associated with lower parental reflective functioning 12 months later, as indicated by higher levels of prementalizing. Child negative affect moderated the association between parent emotion dysregulation and parental reflective functioning, whereas child age and parent stress did not. Specifically, parent difficulty controlling impulses when distressed was associated with higher levels of prementalizing modes of reflective functioning only when child negative affect was moderate-to-high. The interplay between parent emotion dysregulation and child negative affect highlights the importance of considering both parent and child characteristics in intervention planning and suggests that personalizing parenting support according to these characteristics may be beneficial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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跨国样本中父母反思功能的社会和情感决定因素。

父母反思功能是指父母考虑孩子内心经历的能力，与安全的亲子依恋、敏感的养育行为和积极的儿童社会情感发展相关。然而，在大量不同样本中对父母反思功能的决定因素的研究却很少。因此，通过使用大型跨国样本和纵向设计，我们的目的是：（a）确定父母反思功能的社会人口决定因素；(b) 调查父母的情绪调节是否是父母反思功能的心理决定因素；(c) 评估儿童负面情绪、父母压力和儿童年龄是否调节父母情绪调节和父母反思功能之间的纵向关联。数据是儿童和家长情绪研究的两个时间点，该研究对居住在英语国家的 2,208 名 0-10 岁儿童的家长（68% 为女性）进行了调查。父母情绪失调、父母男性顺性别状态、说英语以外的语言、父母年龄较小和子女年龄较大与 12 个月后父母反思功能较低有关，如较高水平的前心理化所表明的那样。儿童负面情绪调节了父母情绪失调与父母反思功能之间的关联，而儿童年龄和父母压力则没有。具体来说，只有当孩子的负面情绪为中度至高度时，父母在痛苦时难以控制冲动才与较高水平的反思功能前心化模式相关。父母情绪失调和孩子负面影响之间的相互作用凸显了在干预计划中考虑父母和孩子特征的重要性，并表明根据这些特征提供个性化的育儿支持可能是有益的。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。