This study investigated the use of nature-based solutions for treating real pharmaceutical industry wastewater in Jordan. A pilot-scale hybrid treatment wetland (TW) equipped with local zeolite was employed, comprising a tidal flow TW and a horizontal subsurface flow TW. This system was efficient in treating pharmaceutical wastewater with removal efficiencies of 61.4%, 52.6%, 60.1%, and 61.9% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and NH₄⁺-N, respectively. The final effluent met Jordanian standards for the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation (Class B). Five pharmaceuticals, namely, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim, demonstrated nearly completed removal (93.6–99.9%). Moderated removal performances (59.2–68.2%) were observed for two compounds, flumequine and sulfaquinoxaline. However, three pharmaceuticals, namely, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfadimidine, showed limited removal performances (1.1–20.5%). This study supported the feasibility of using nature-based solutions for treating pharmaceutical wastewater and highlighted that future studies are required to optimize this strategy for removing a broader range of pharmaceuticals.

中文翻译：

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评估新型混合处理湿地作为制药工业废水处理基于自然的解决方案

这项研究调查了约旦使用基于自然的解决方案处理真实制药工业废水的情况。采用配备当地沸石的中试规模混合处理湿地（TW），包括潮汐流TW和水平地下流TW。_{该系统可有效处理制药废水，化学需氧量、总磷、总氮和NH 4} ⁺ -N的去除率分别为61.4%、52.6%、60.1%和61.9% 。最终废水符合约旦处理后废水再用于灌溉的标准（B 级）。五种药物，即恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、林可霉素和甲氧苄啶，几乎完全去除（93.6-99.9%）。观察到两种化合物氟甲喹和磺胺喹喔啉的中等去除性能（59.2-68.2%）。然而，卡马西平、双氯芬酸和磺胺二甲嘧啶这三种药物的去除性能有限（1.1-20.5%）。这项研究支持了使用基于自然的解决方案处理制药废水的可行性，并强调未来的研究需要优化这一策略，以去除更广泛的药物。