It is well-known that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning disorder (SLD) often exhibit behavioural and emotional problems. However, little is known about how these problems compare between the two groups of children. This study sought to fill this gap in knowledge by comparing the executive functions and behavioural–emotional problems of children with ADHD, SLD and typically developing children. For this study, 94 children were recruited through purposeful sampling (ADHD = 23, SLD = 30 and TD = 41). All participants were screened based on WISC-IV. Subsequently, participants were administered executive functions and behavioural problems questionnaires. The analysis of the data using MANOVA and Scheffe post hoc pairwise shows that children with ADHD and SLD had significantly higher scores on measures of executive function impairment than typically developing children. Our study revealed that children in the ADHD group scored significantly higher in social problems, aggressive behaviours, AD/HD problems, ODD, conduct problems and externalizing problems sub-tests. Conversely, the LD group demonstrated higher scores in the anxiety problems sub-test. Furthermore, Our study demonstrated that children in the ADHD group scored significantly higher in the following sub-tests: metacognition, inhibit, shift, bri, shift and emotion control. In contrast, the LD group exhibited higher scores in the initiate sub-test. In addition, the two groups of children with disorders also exhibited more behavioural–emotional problems than typically developing children. These findings suggest that ADHD and SLD are associated with impaired executive function and increased behavioural–emotional problems. These findings have implications for the assessment and treatment of these disorders.

中文翻译：

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ADHD 和 SLD 儿童的执行功能和行为问题有何不同？比较研究

众所周知，患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）和特定学习障碍（SLD）的儿童经常表现出行为和情绪问题。然而，人们对两组儿童之间这些问题的比较知之甚少。这项研究试图通过比较患有多动症、SLD 和正常发育儿童的执行功能和行为情绪问题来填补这一知识空白。本研究通过有目的的抽样招募了 94 名儿童（ADHD = 23、SLD = 30 和 TD = 41）。所有参与者均根据 WISC-IV 进行筛选。随后，参与者接受了执行功能和行为问题问卷调查。使用 MANOVA 和 Scheffe 事后配对对数据进行分析表明，患有 ADHD 和 SLD 的儿童在执行功能障碍测量方面的得分显着高于正常发育儿童。我们的研究显示，多动症组的儿童在社交问题、攻击性行为、注意力缺陷/多动症问题、ODD、行为问题和外化问题子测试中得分显着较高。相反，LD组在焦虑问题分项测试中表现出较高的分数。此外，我们的研究表明，多动症组的儿童在以下子测试中得分显着较高：元认知、抑制、转变、bri、转变和情绪控制。相比之下，LD 组在初始子测试中表现出更高的分数。此外，两组患有疾病的儿童也比正常发育的儿童表现出更多的行为情绪问题。这些发现表明，ADHD 和 SLD 与执行功能受损和行为情绪问题增加有关。这些发现对这些疾病的评估和治疗具有重要意义。