Wound healing is a complex process and encompasses a number of overlapping phases, during which coordinated inflammatory responses following tissue injury play dominant roles in triggering evolutionarily highly conserved principals governing tissue repair and regeneration. Among all nonimmune cells involved in the process, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are most intensely investigated and have been shown to play fundamental roles in orchestrating wound healing and regeneration through interaction with the ordered inflammatory processes. Despite recent progress and encouraging results, an informed view of the scope of this evolutionarily conserved biological process requires a clear understanding of the dynamic interplay between MSCs and the immune systems in the process of wound healing. In this review, we outline current insights into the ways in which MSCs sense and modulate inflammation undergoing the process of wound healing, highlighting the central role of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells during the interaction. We also draw attention to the specific effects of MSC-based therapy on different pathological wound healing. Finally, we discuss how ongoing scientific advances in MSCs could be efficiently translated into clinical strategies, focusing on the current limitations and gaps that remain to be overcome for achieving preferred functional tissue regeneration.

中文翻译：

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伤口愈合过程中间充质干细胞/基质细胞和炎症的协调。

伤口愈合是一个复杂的过程，包含许多重叠的阶段，在此期间，组织损伤后协调的炎症反应在触发进化上高度保守的组织修复和再生原理方面发挥着主导作用。在参与该过程的所有非免疫细胞中，间充质干细胞/基质细胞（MSC）得到了最深入的研究，并已被证明通过与有序炎症过程的相互作用在协调伤口愈合和再生中发挥着重要作用。尽管最近取得了进展和令人鼓舞的结果，但要了解这种进化上保守的生物过程的范围，需要清楚地了解伤口愈合过程中间充质干细胞和免疫系统之间的动态相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了目前对 MSC 在伤口愈合过程中感知和调节炎症的方式的见解，强调了中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和 T 细胞在相互作用过程中的核心作用。我们还提请注意基于 MSC 的治疗对不同病理伤口愈合的具体效果。最后，我们讨论了间充质干细胞不断取得的科学进步如何有效地转化为临床策略，重点关注当前为实现首选功能性组织再生仍有待克服的局限性和差距。