Rationale: Little is known about the long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on children with asthma. Objectives: To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects symptom control and lung function in children with asthma. Methods: Using data from clinical registries and the electronic health record, we conducted a prospective case-control study of children with asthma aged 6-21 years who had (cases) or did not have (control subjects) SARS-CoV-2 infection, comparing baseline and follow-up asthma symptom control and spirometry within an ∼18-month time frame and, for cases, within 18 months of acute coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Results: A total of 171 cases had baseline and follow-up asthma symptom data, and 114 cases had baseline and follow-up spirometry measurements. There were no significant differences in asthma symptom control (P = 0.50), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = 0.47), forced vital capacity (P = 0.43), forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (P = 0.43), or forced expiratory flow, midexpiratory phase (P = 0.62), after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared with control subjects (113 with symptom data and 237 with spirometry data), there were no significant differences in follow-up asthma symptom control or lung function. A similar proportion of cases and control subjects had poorer asthma symptom control (17.5% vs. 9.7%; P = 0.07) or worse lung function (29.0% vs. 32.5%; P = 0.50) at follow-up. Patients whose asthma control worsened after COVID-19 had a shorter time to follow-up (3.5 [1.5-7.5] vs. 6.1 [3.1-9.8] mo; P = 0.007) and were more likely to have presented with an asthma exacerbation during COVID-19 (46% vs. 26%; P = 0.04) than those without worse control. Conclusions: We found no significant differences in asthma symptom control or lung function in youth with asthma up to 18 months after acute COVID-19, suggesting that COVID-19 does not affect long-term asthma severity or control in the pediatric population.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 感染对哮喘儿童症状控制和肺功能的影响。

理由：人们对于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染对哮喘儿童的长期影响知之甚少。目的：确定 SARS-CoV-2 感染是否影响哮喘儿童的症状控制和肺功能。方法：利用临床登记和电子健康记录的数据，我们对感染（病例）或未感染（对照受试者）的 6-21 岁哮喘儿童进行了前瞻性病例对照研究，比较大约 18 个月时间范围内的基线和随访哮喘症状控制和肺活量测定，对于病例，在急性冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的 18 个月内。结果：共有 171 例患者有基线和随访哮喘症状数据，114 例患者有基线和随访肺活量测定数据。哮喘症状控制（P=0.50）、1秒用力呼气量（P=0.47）、用力肺活量（P=0.43）、1秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量（P=0.43）均无显着差异。 ），或 SARS-CoV-2 感染后用力呼气流量、呼气中期 (P = 0.62)。与对照组（113 名有症状数据，237 名有肺活量测定数据）相比，后续哮喘症状控制或肺功能没有显着差异。随访时，相似比例的病例和对照受试者哮喘症状控制较差（17.5% vs. 9.7%；P = 0.07）或肺功能较差（29.0% vs. 32.5%；P = 0.50）。COVID-19 后哮喘控制恶化的患者的随访时间较短（3.5 [1.5-7.5] 与 6.1 [3.1-9.8] 个月；P = 0.007），并且更有可能在治疗期间出现哮喘恶化。 COVID-19（46% vs. 26%；P = 0.04）比那些没有更差控制的人。结论：我们发现患有哮喘的青少年在急性 COVID-19 后长达 18 个月内的哮喘症状控制或肺功能没有显着差异，这表明 COVID-19 不会影响儿科人群的长期哮喘严重程度或控制。