Commonly identified patterns of psychological distress in response to adverse events are characterized by resilience (i.e., little to no distress), delayed (i.e., distress that increases over time), recovery (i.e., distress followed by a gradual decrease over time), and sustained (i.e., distress remaining stable over time). This study aimed to examine these response patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety and depressive symptom data collected across four European countries over the first year of the pandemic were analyzed (N = 3,594). Participants were first categorized into groups based on the four described patterns. Network connectivity and symptom clustering were then estimated for each group and compared. Two thirds (63.6%) of the sample displayed a resilience pattern. The sustained distress network (16.3%) showed higher connectivity than the recovery network (10.0%) group, p = .031; however, the resilient network showed higher connectivity than the delayed network (10.1%) group, p = .016. Regarding symptom clustering, more clusters emerged in the recovery network (i.e., three) than the sustained network (i.e., two). These results replicate findings that resilience was the most common mental health pattern over the first pandemic year. Moreover, they suggest that high network connectivity may be indicative of a stable mental health response over time, whereas fewer clusters may be indicative of a sustained distress pattern. Although exploratory, the network perspective provides a useful tool for examining the complexity of psychological responses to adverse events and, if replicated, could be useful in identifying indicators of protection against or vulnerability to future psychological distress.

中文翻译：

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对流行病的精神病理学和弹性反应的网络结构：一项针对抑郁和焦虑的多国一般人群研究

通常识别的针对不良事件的心理困扰模式的特点是复原力（即几乎没有痛苦）、延迟（即痛苦随着时间的推移而增加）、恢复（即痛苦随后随着时间的推移逐渐减少）和持续（即，随着时间的推移，痛苦保持稳定）。本研究旨在研究 COVID-19 大流行期间的这些反应模式。对大流行第一年在四个欧洲国家收集的焦虑和抑郁症状数据进行了分析（N = 3,594）。首先根据所描述的四种模式将参与者分为几组。然后评估每组的网络连接和症状聚类并进行比较。三分之二 (63.6%) 的样本表现出弹性模式。持续遇险网络 (16.3%) 的连接性高于恢复网络 (10.0%) 组，p = 0.031；然而，弹性网络显示出比延迟网络 (10.1%) 组更高的连接性，p = 0.016。关于症状聚类，恢复网络中出现的聚类（即，三个）多于持续网络（即，两个）。这些结果重复了这样的发现：复原力是大流行第一年最常见的心理健康模式。此外，他们认为，高网络连接性可能表明随着时间的推移稳定的心理健康反应，而较少的集群可能表明持续的痛苦模式。虽然是探索性的，但网络视角提供了一个有用的工具，用于检查对不良事件的心理反应的复杂性，如果被复制，可能有助于确定未来心理困扰的保护指标或脆弱性指标。