Polyploid cells, which contain more than one set of chromosome pairs, are very common in nature. Polyploidy can provide cells with several potential benefits over their diploid counterparts, including an increase in cell size, contributing to organ growth and tissue homeostasis, and improving cellular robustness via increased tolerance to genomic stress and apoptotic signals. Here, we focus on why polyploidy in the cell occurs and which stress responses and molecular signals trigger cells to become polyploid. Moreover, we discuss its crucial roles in cell growth and tissue regeneration in the heart, liver, and other tissues.

中文翻译：

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器官稳态和再生中的细胞多倍体。

多倍体细胞含有多于一组染色体对，在自然界中非常常见。与二倍体细胞相比，多倍体可以为细胞提供多种潜在的好处，包括细胞大小的增加，有助于器官生长和组织稳态，以及通过增加对基因组应激和凋亡信号的耐受性来提高细胞的稳健性。在这里，我们关注细胞中多倍体发生的原因以及哪些应激反应和分子信号触发细胞成为多倍体。此外，我们还讨论了它在心脏、肝脏和其他组织的细胞生长和组织再生中的关键作用。