This research note introduces a new dyadic dataset on gender and diplomatic representation and shows its potential to address questions about international status, gender patterns in international politics, and more. The GenDip dataset includes the names and gender classification of all bilateral ambassadors heading embassies 1968–2019 (74,549), structured as dyad/decade for 1968–1998 and dyad/lustrum for 1998–2019. Cross-fertilizing the quantitative study of status with qualitative studies on women's symbolic meaning for the status of states, we illustrate the utility of this data by showing that the gender of ambassadors is implicated in status hierarchies among states. For instance, states with a reputation as strongly patriarchal are more likely than others to post their female ambassadors to states with an international gender equality profile, for status and to signal policy alignment. We also show that shares of female ambassadors vary considerably among sending states, in unexpected ways, identifying the need for more research explaining why. This dataset enables new, crucial questions to be asked of international relations, mapping gender changes in diplomacy over time and place and explaining their causes and effects.

中文翻译：

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外交性别模式和象征地位信号：介绍性别和外交代表的 GenDip 数据集

本研究报告介绍了一个关于性别和外交代表的新二元数据集，并展示了其解决有关国际地位、国际政治中的性别模式等问题的潜力。GenDip 数据集包括 1968-2019 年驻使馆的所有双边大使的姓名和性别分类 (74,549)，结构为 1968-1998 年的二元/十年和 1998-2019 年的二元/lustrum。将地位的定量研究与妇女对国家地位的象征意义的定性研究相结合，我们通过表明大使的性别与国家之间的地位等级有关来说明这些数据的效用。例如，享有强烈父权制声誉的国家比其他国家更有可能向具有国际性别平等形象的国家派遣女大使，以获得地位并表明政策一致。我们还表明，派遣国之间女性大使的比例以意想不到的方式存在很大差异，这表明需要进行更多研究来解释原因。该数据集可以提出国际关系中新的关键问题，绘制外交中的性别随时间和地点的变化，并解释其原因和影响。