Low birthweight is associated with poor health, developmental, and social outcomes throughout the lifespan. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is also associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between low birthweight (LBW), exposure to ACES, and subsequent utilization of mental health service. Data analysis was conducted using a subset of data from children ages 6–17 years from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) for 2018–2019 (n = 40,656). Welch ANOVA, Pearson’s chi-square, and logistic regression investigated the relationship between LBW, ACEs, and mental health. LBW children in this sample had higher exposure to ACEs when compared to not low birthweight (NBW) children. LBW children also had a higher reported incidence of identified mental health (MH) issues. There was no significant association between birthweight and unmet MH service needs. LBW children with an ACE score or two or more were more likely to have an unidentified MH issue and/or an unmet MH service need. The results demonstrate LBW children experience higher levels of adversity. Children with ACE scores of two or more and those with unidentified MH issues have a higher likelihood of unmet MH needs. Professionals working in the health, education, and social service sectors can use this information to raise awareness of the increased vulnerability and more effectively meet the mental health needs of LBW children.

低出生体重与整个生命周期的健康、发育和社会结果不佳有关。童年时期的不良经历 (ACE) 也与成年后的负面心理和身体健康结果相关。本研究的目的是探讨低出生体重 (LBW)、接触 ACES 以及随后利用心理健康服务之间的关系。使用 2018-2019 年全国儿童健康调查 (NSCH) 中 6-17 岁儿童的数据子集 (n = 40,656) 进行数据分析。Welch 方差分析、Pearson 卡方和逻辑回归研究了 LBW、ACE 和心理健康之间的关系。与非低出生体重 (NBW) 儿童相比，该样本中的 LBW 儿童接触 ACE 的比例更高。据报告，低出生体重儿童的心理健康 (MH) 问题发生率也较高。出生体重与未满足的 MH 服务需求之间没有显着关联。具有 ACE 分数或 2 分或以上的 LBW 儿童更有可能存在未识别的 MH 问题和/或未满足的 MH 服务需求。结果表明，低出生体重儿童经历的逆境程度更高。ACE 分数为 2 分或以上的儿童以及具有未识别的 MH 问题的儿童更有可能未满足 MH 需求。在卫生、教育和社会服务部门工作的专业人员可以利用这些信息来提高对低出生体重儿童日益增加的脆弱性的认识，并更有效地满足低出生体重儿童的心理健康需求。